Lens and Dual Lens Models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Osterholz ◽  
Simon M. Breil ◽  
Steffen Nestler ◽  
Mitja D. Back
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Lens Model ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Personality Judgments

This chapter presents variants of Brunswik’s lens model aimed to understand whether, when, and why trait judgments are more or less accurate. After outlining the basic concepts of lens models, it describes exemplary studies that have applied the lens model to unravel personality expression and impression formation processes that lead to more or less accurate judgments. Next, it gives an overview of factors that can influence the accuracy of trait judgments and explains these accuracy moderators within the lens model framework. It then describes an extension of the lens model, the dual lens model, that differentiates more controlled versus more automatic aspects on all levels of the lens model (i.e., personality self-concept, cues, personality judgments). It also briefly summarizes further extensions and highlights the lens model as a flexible tool to study cue processes underlying accuracy and related interpersonal perception phenomena. Finally, the chapter concludes by outlining suggestions for future lens model applications in accuracy research.

Personality Expression and Impression Formation in Online Social Networks: An Integrative Approach to Understanding the Processes of Accuracy, Impression Management and Meta–Accuracy

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane M. Stopfer ◽  
Boris Egloff ◽  
Steffen Nestler ◽  
Mitja D. Back
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Lens Model ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Notice Board ◽  
Zero Acquaintance

In this paper, we investigate personality expression and impression formation processes in online social networks (OSNs). We explore whether, when and why people accurately judge others’ personalities (accuracy), successfully manage the impressions that others form of them (impression management) and accurately infer others’ impressions of them (meta–accuracy) at zero acquaintance. On the basis of targets’ OSN profiles (N = 103), overall perceiver impressions were collected and compared with targets’ self–view, desired impression and meta–perception. In addition, independent groups of thin–slice perceivers based their personality impressions solely on one of four kinds of information within the OSN profiles (profile picture, interests field, group list and notice board), and more than 300 OSN cues (e.g. attractive person and number of friends) were coded. Results showed evidence of accuracy, impression management and meta–accuracy, but their extent was moderated by the trait (e.g. Big Five and self–esteem), the kind of information and the interplay of trait and information. Findings could be explained by cue expression and cue utilization processes (lens model analyses). Future prospects for studying personality impressions in online and offline environments are discussed. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology.

Thinking About Other People

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica D. Schneid ◽  
Matthew T. Crawford ◽  
John J. Skowronski ◽  
Lauren M. Irwin ◽  
Donal E. Carlston
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Spontaneous Trait Inferences ◽  
Trait Inferences ◽  
Facilitated Learning

Three experiments examined whether people spontaneously generate evaluations of target individuals under circumstances in which they are also known to generate spontaneous trait inferences (STIs). The first experiment used a standard savings-in-relearning paradigm to explore whether exposure to trait-implicative behavior descriptions facilitates the learning of evaluatively-congruent, as well as behavior-implied, personality traits. Evidence for the facilitated learning of evaluatively-congruent traits was not obtained. This led to a second experiment in which the savings-in-relearning paradigm was altered to directly assess participants’ relearning of evaluative words (good/bad). The results demonstrated that the same trait-implicative behavioral stimuli can produce both spontaneous trait inferences and spontaneous evaluations when both are measured correctly. Both of these outcomes were replicated in a third study using a false recognition paradigm. The implications of these findings for impression formation processes and for the possible independence of semantic information and evaluative information are discussed.

The Voice Gives It Away

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Barbara Krahé ◽  
Andreas Uhlmann ◽  
Meike Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Female Speaker ◽  
Male Speaker ◽  
Text Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Voice

Abstract. Two experiments examined the impact of voice pitch on gender stereotyping. Participants listened to a text read by a female (Study 1; N = 171) or male (Study 2, N = 151) speaker, whose voice pitch was manipulated to be high or low. They rated the speaker on positive and negative facets of masculinity and femininity, competence, and likability. They also indicated their own gendered self-concept. High pitch was associated with the ascription of more feminine traits and greater likability. The high-pitch female speaker was rated as less competent, and the high-pitch male speaker was perceived as less masculine. Text content and participants’ gendered self-concept did not moderate the pitch effect. The findings underline the importance of voice pitch for impression formation.

A Classroom Exercise in Impression Formation

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy L. Berrenberg
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Classroom Exercise ◽  
Implicit Personality ◽  
Personality Theories

This classroom exercise provides students with an opportunity to examine aspects of their own impression-formation processes. The data generated can be used to stimulate discussion about the origins of implicit personality theories, person prototypes, and the accuracy of first impressions.

scholarly journals Specifics of Sexual Self-Concept and Interpersonal Perception in Convicted Non-Imprisoned Sexual Offenders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
N.V. Dvoryanchikov ◽  
D.Yu. Shipitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Age Identity

The article considers the specifics of the sexual self-concept and interpersonal perception in individuals convicted of sexual crimes and serving their sentences without legally imposed loss of freedom. The study was aimed at revealing the structure of intact and damaged elements of the sexual self-concept in this category of persons and the correspondence between this self-concept and the properties found in appetence disorders. The sample consisted of 60 persons: 30 of them were registered (at the time of the study) with Penal Enforcement Inspectorates of the Federal Penal Correction Service for committing sexual offences (without loss of freedom) and had no revealed mental pathology, whereas the other 30 persons had neither criminal records nor any revealed mental disorders. The techniques used were "Masculinity and Femininity", "Age Identity", "The Color Relationship Test", "Encoding". The research work had an increased emphasis on the qualitative analysis of associative images. From the results of an empirical study it was shown that the make-up of the sexual self-identity in a large proportion of the convict subjects has the nature of anomalous necessity, which poses the risk of repeated offences. The results of the study suggest the necessity to make recommendations for the judiciary about referral of this category of persons for a forensic examination of their mental condition. The psychologists of penal enforcement inspectorates were recommended to implement the techniques of diagnosing one's sexual self-concept as part of their day-to-day work on differentiating convicts by the risk they pose.

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