Inside and outside perspectives on the relation of personal values and legal norm acceptances

Based on a representative survey on crime prevention, this paper studies how personal values are related to persons’ acceptance of legal norms (LNA). We here take a closer look at these relations than previous research. Offenses, in particular, are classified into three offense types (no victim (OT1), legal person as victim (OT2, real person as victim (OT3)), and the persons’ ratings are studied both as observed and as individually centered data. It is found that conservation-oriented persons give higher and less differentiated badness ratings for all offenses than persons striving for hedonism and stimulation. The correlational structure of basic personal values and norm acceptance ratings for 14 different offenses, when represented via multidimensional scaling, exhibits that conservation orientation becomes a better predictor of LNA of all offense types if it is augmented by an additional value, peace of mind. When looking at centered ratings (i.e., controlling for each person’s mean ratings), social values become the best predictors of OT2 offenses (tax evasion, benefits fraud, taking bribes). Statements on the impact of personal values on general norm acceptance should, therefore, be replaced with more differentiated relations on how particular values are related to peoples’ attitudes towards particular offenses.

Marilyn’s Dyptich: The Evolution of the Image from Pop Art to Thrash Art (to the 95th Anniversary of the Birth of the Actress)

Marilyn Monroe is already a mass culture personage. Andy Warhol created an image that removes us from the original source, on the basis of impressions associated with the life of a real person. The diptych has turned into a kind of template that can be easily filled with different meanings. The author of the article reflects on the characteristic features of this template, which is often used by contemporary artists to reproduce. The question of the citation of this diptych in the culture of the second half of the 20th century is quite well studied. But the experience of a specific kind of appropriation of this image by artists of the new millennium has already accumulated. Among them, the masters of thrash art are of particular interest: Vik Muniz and Jane Perkins. It is significant that they do not refer to the numerous photographic and film images of Marilyn Monroe. They refer specifically to the template created by Andy Warhol. They play with it, translating the substantive problems of this famous diptych into the plane of design.

Social buffering of human fear is shaped by gender, social concern, and the presence of real vs virtual agents

The presence of a partner can attenuate physiological fear responses, a phenomenon known as social buffering. However, not all individuals are equally sociable. Here we investigated whether social buffering of fear is shaped by sensitivity to social anxiety (social concern) and whether these effects are different in females and males. We collected skin conductance responses (SCRs) and affect ratings of female and male participants when they experienced aversive and neutral sounds alone (alone treatment) or in the presence of an unknown person of the same gender (social treatment). Individual differences in social concern were assessed based on a well-established questionnaire. Our results showed that social concern had a stronger effect on social buffering in females than in males. The lower females scored on social concern, the stronger the SCRs reduction in the social compared to the alone treatment. The effect of social concern on social buffering of fear in females disappeared if participants were paired with a virtual agent instead of a real person. Together, these results showed that social buffering of human fear is shaped by gender and social concern. In females, the presence of virtual agents can buffer fear, irrespective of individual differences in social concern. These findings specify factors that shape the social modulation of human fear, and thus might be relevant for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Performance analysis of machine learning algorithms trained on biased data

The use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning algorithms in everyday life is common nowadays in several areas, bringing many possibilities and benefits to society. However, since there is room for learning algorithms to make decisions, the range of related ethical issues was also expanded. There are many complaints about Machine Learning applications that identify some kind of bias, disadvantaging or favoring some group, with the possibility of causing harm to a real person. The present work aims to shed light on the existence of biases, analyzing and comparing the behavior of different learning algorithms – namely Decision Tree, MLP, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Logistic Regression and SVM – when being trained using biased data. We employed pre-processing algorithms for mitigating bias provided by IBM's framework AI Fairness 360.

Application of living book service – a brief analysis of cases in Southwest University library

PurposeThis paper aims to strengthen the cultural communication and educational function of the library, bringing newspirits and vitality into the development of the librarianship.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the practical research on the living book service in university libraries has given concrete cases, the existing problems are analyzed in detail and some suggestions for improvement are extracted when putting forward, which can be used as the reference and be corrected by colleagues and related scholars in the same field.FindingsThere have been many research results on the topic of living book service, but there are few ones with promotional function. Living book service not only satisfies the readers' curiosity and enables them to obtain knowledge and experience they need, but also establishes a good relationship of communication and understanding between “Real Person Books” and readers. It resonates by face-to-face discussion of different life experiences, living experiences or beliefs, and it is also an innovation of the traditional library service mode.Originality/valueBrand activities are taken as examples, and some thoughts and enlightenment on the living book service in the university library are put forward, helping us to better understand and evaluate the library activities.

Who Understand to Cry of the Characters – for the Interpratation of Several Miniatures of Givi Margvelashvili

What creates Givi Margvelashvili's work? "In the language of aesthetics, this is called an artistic game, in the language of the heart, it creates an boundless thirst for goodness, which, if it is not satisfied in real life, if it can not eliminate violence here, spreads its wings in the world of books" (Margvelashvili 2018: 18). Changing the conditioned story with a literary game - this is the starting concept of the German-speaking Georgian author and "at the core of his poetics is an attempt to return man to his original, fundamental state - the openness of the world," writes Margvelashvili's book "Life in Ontotext" Das Leben im ") German editor" (Margvelashvili 2018: 11).Givi Margvelashvili is a victim of two dictatorships, Nazism and Communism. He started writing at the age of 30, when after leaving the Saxenhausen concentration camp, he found himself in a completely foreign environment, in his historical homeland, and his aunt's family was connected to his old life with only German. Later, when writing about his own identity, the writer always emphasized the fact that the German language is his linguistic homeland (emphasis add lexo doreuli). "From the past, only language was selected for him, language was a living part of a deprived life, which no one could take away except time. At times, however, his memory and talent met with unprecedented resistance. This is how it became a living island of the German language in the Georgian environment and in a huge prison, on this doubly lonely island the Georgian-German built a huge oil rig of freedom with ascetic loneliness and hard work ”(Margvelashvili 2018: 216).As we know, the writer was sick earlier, the boy brought up under the supervision of German nannies did not understand the Georgian language and essentially this aspect of his life should have become a feature of fate - "he was not bothered by a wordless, internal deal with censorship. Locked in complete solitude with his characters, unknown, he experienced the joy that comes with complete freedom of expression: he wrote as he wanted ”(Margvelashvili 2018: 218). On the one hand, working on German-language literature, and on the other hand, the literary disagreement that Margvelashvili showed against the current regime, increasingly formed the basis for saying that "language and theme choose the writer" (emphasis added Naira Gelashvili) and not vice versa. That was why his characters, the inhabitants of his inaccessible book world, had to meet the reader in a new reality.This other reality was the book "New America" ​​discovered by Givi Margvelashvili (emphasis added by Naira Gelashvili). He is the hero of this book and he is looking forward to the visit of a real person (reader) between the two covers, he even says: "Once the door of your house is opened ... and write a poem of your own" (Margvelashvili 2018: 110). And thus in a one-room apartment the lone author creates a new reality in which the stories take on a grotesque look and the reader is also entangled in a dizzying labyrinth of fantasy.

Why Do Women with Eating Disorders Decline Treatment? A Qualitative Study of Barriers to Specialized Eating Disorder Treatment

Despite the fact that eating disorders (EDs) are conditions that are potentially life-threatening, many people decline treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate why women decline specialized ED treatment, including their viewpoints on treatment services. Eighteen semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with women who had declined inpatient or outpatient specialized ED treatment. A thematic analysis revealed five main themes: (1) Disagreement on treatment needs, (2) rigid standard procedures, (3) failure to listen, (4) deprivation of identity, and (5) mistrust and fear. The women had declined ED treatment because they believed that treatment was only focused on nutritional rehabilitation and that it failed to address their self-identified needs. From their perspectives treatment was characterized by rigid standard procedures that could not be adapted to their individual situations and preferences. They felt that the therapists failed to listen to them, and they felt deprived of identity and reduced to an ED instead of a real person. This investigation is one of the first of its kind to provide clues as to how treatment could be moderated to better meet the needs of women who decline specialized ED treatment.

Secondary Schools in the New Zealand Social Order, 1840-1903

<p>The New Zealand pioneer, like the North American frontiersman, has become to many New Zealanders a romanticized symbol rather than a real person struggling to adapt to a strange and often frightening environment. 'As ye sow so shall ye reap' was for the pioneer farmer an injunction to be taken literally. After exhausting his resources in buying his small-holding the pioneer farmer 'would start on foot and alone...with a heavy swag of tools etc, on his back, to which, on passing the last older settler, would be added the additional burden of a kit of seed potatoes and some rations. With these he would camp down on his future lowly home and would work hard, for long hours on very scanty fare...to hurry in a patch of potatoes, and to make a pig-proof fence round it. He would then beat a retreat to the more settled districts, where he would seek employment until his little crop of potatoes was grown when he would return with a heavier load of rations...and this time he would be able to put in a larger crop and to build a whare, so that the next season he might have the joy of conveying his family to the scene of their future expectations. But it was hand work, and there were many privations to undergo for the first few years....'</p>

Secondary Schools in the New Zealand Social Order, 1840-1903

<p>The New Zealand pioneer, like the North American frontiersman, has become to many New Zealanders a romanticized symbol rather than a real person struggling to adapt to a strange and often frightening environment. 'As ye sow so shall ye reap' was for the pioneer farmer an injunction to be taken literally. After exhausting his resources in buying his small-holding the pioneer farmer 'would start on foot and alone...with a heavy swag of tools etc, on his back, to which, on passing the last older settler, would be added the additional burden of a kit of seed potatoes and some rations. With these he would camp down on his future lowly home and would work hard, for long hours on very scanty fare...to hurry in a patch of potatoes, and to make a pig-proof fence round it. He would then beat a retreat to the more settled districts, where he would seek employment until his little crop of potatoes was grown when he would return with a heavier load of rations...and this time he would be able to put in a larger crop and to build a whare, so that the next season he might have the joy of conveying his family to the scene of their future expectations. But it was hand work, and there were many privations to undergo for the first few years....'</p>

The image of Qazi-Mullah in the poetry of A. I. Polezhaev (in commemoration of the 225th anniversary of the birth of Imam Ghazi-Muhammad)

The object of this research is the poems (&ldquo;Erpeli&rdquo; and &ldquo;Chir-Yurt&rdquo;) by A. I. Polezhaev. The authors explore the peculiarities of artistic presentation and interpretation of the image of the Muslim scholar and theologian, first imam of Dagestan and Chechnya, leader of the Caucasian highlanders &ndash; Imam Ghazi-Muhammad (Qazi-Mullah) in the poetry of A. I. Polezhaev. The relevance of this publication is caused by heightened interest and enormous controversy around the topic of the Caucasian War and its leading figures. It is noted the evolution of views on the liberation movement of highlanders headed by Ghazi-Muhammad can be traced on the works of A. I. Polezhaev. The article reveals Polezhaev&rsquo;s perception of the activity of the imam as the manifestation of religious fanaticism. Herewith, A. I. Polezhaev describes the idealized image of Qazi Mullah in a hyperbolized form, objectively depicting his positive qualities. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that the analysis of the image of Imam Ghazi-Muhammad through literary works contributes to comprehension of the heroic concept of a real person in literature and profound understanding of the problem of historicism overall. The article leans on the contrastive method, which involves comparative analysis (subjective personal reflections and manifestations of the author are correlated with the historical facts).