Ontologies

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piek Vossen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Knowledge Structuring ◽  
Common Sense Knowledge

Ontology refers to the storage of information within a domain, to draw common sense inferences. The expressly linguistic nature of this sort of information would translate it into a lexicon. Traditions dealing with knowledge structuring within ontologies, can be positioned depending on their focus on words/concepts, for different purposes. These are, philosophical tradition, cognitive tradition, artificial intelligence tradition, lexical semantics, lexicography, and information science. Ontologically accumulated knowledge bases can be used to inform structural linguistic analysis, as well as partial understanding. However, most current NLP techniques hardly ever perform full language understanding. While NLP generally seems to be shifting towards inferencing systems that exploit common sense knowledge, small-scale information systems can be enhanced by (re)using more general strands of information. Prospects of convergence of different paradigms have also triggered of efforts to standardize ontological contents.

Language, Meaning and Human Knowledge

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haldur Õim
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Linguistic Meaning ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Theoretical Linguistics ◽  
Language Meaning ◽  
Common Sense Knowledge

The paper touches upon the relations between grammar-oriented and communication-oriented ways of analysing language in the light of some recent related developments in theoretical linguistics, congnitive psychology and artificial intelligence. The integration of (linguistic) meaning, situational interpretation and background knowledge is discussed. In Particular, different types of linguistically relevant common-sense knowledge and higher level cognitive procedures are considered.

scholarly journals Progressos, reptes i riscos de la Intel·ligència Artificial

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon López de Mántaras
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Main Current ◽  
The Future ◽  
Common Sense Knowledge

This text contains some reflections on artificial intelligence (AI). First, I differentiate between strong and weak AI, as well as the concepts related to general and specific AI. Following this, I briefly describe the main current AI models and discuss the need to provide common-sense knowledge to machines in order to advance towards the goal of a general AI. Next, I talk about the current trends in AI based on the analysis of large amounts of data, which has recently allowed experts to make spectacular progress. Finally, I discuss other topics which, now and in the future, will continue to be key in AI, before closing with a brief reflection on the risks of AI.

A Cross-Domain Recommender System Based on Common-Sense Knowledge Bases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ting Tsai ◽  
Chih-Shiang Wuy ◽  
Hsiang-Ling Hsuy ◽  
Tenniel Liuy ◽  
Pei-Lin Cheny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recommender System ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Common Sense Knowledge

The Distinction between Linguistic and Conceptual Semantics in Medical Terminology and its Implication for NLP-Based Knowledge Acquisition

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Buekens ◽  
G. De Moor ◽  
A. Waagmeester ◽  
W. Ceusters
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Natural Language Understanding ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Conceptual Semantics

AbstractNatural language understanding systems have to exploit various kinds of knowledge in order to represent the meaning behind texts. Getting this knowledge in place is often such a huge enterprise that it is tempting to look for systems that can discover such knowledge automatically. We describe how the distinction between conceptual and linguistic semantics may assist in reaching this objective, provided that distinguishing between them is not done too rigorously. We present several examples to support this view and argue that in a multilingual environment, linguistic ontologies should be designed as interfaces between domain conceptualizations and linguistic knowledge bases.

scholarly journals The liberation of nature and knowledge: a case study on Hans Reichenbach’s naturalism

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Kocsis ◽  
Adam Tamas Tuboly
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy ◽  
Scientific Philosophy ◽  
Political Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Context ◽  
Common Sense Knowledge

AbstractOur main goal in this paper is to present and scrutinize Reichenbach’s own naturalism in our contemporary context, with special attention to competing versions of the concept. By exploring the idea of Reichenbach’s naturalism, we will argue that he defended a liberating, therapeutic form of naturalism, meaning that he took scientific philosophy (or philosophy of nature, Naturphilosophie) to be a possible cure for bad old habits and traditional ways of philosophy. For Reichenbach, naturalistic scientific philosophy was a well-established form of liberation. We do not intend to suggest that Reichenbach acted as an inventor of naturalism; nonetheless, invoking the term and the idea of ‘naturalism’ is more than a simple rhetorical strategy for rehabilitating Reichenbach as a forerunner of this field. We think that his ideas can make a valuable contribution to contemporary debates, and that he presents an interesting case among the other scientifically oriented proponents of his time. After presenting a short reconstruction of the meaning of naturalism—or, more appropriately, naturalisms—in order to be able to correctly situate Reichenbach within his own as well as a systematic context, we discuss Reichenbach’s naturalism against the background of his scientific philosophy, his views on the relation of common-sense knowledge to science, and his efforts at popularization. To delve deeper into this topic, we present a case study to show how Reichenbach argued that in both scientific and philosophical discussions (assuming their naturalistic continuity), it is necessary to move from the request and value of truth to probability. And, finally, we argue that the liberation of knowledge and nature was a socio-political program for Reichenbach, who talked about his own scientific philosophy as “a crusade.” By emphasizing this aspect of Reichenbach’s naturalism, we may be in a better position to situate him in the history of analytic philosophy in general, and in the yet-to-be-written narrative of the naturalistic movement in particular.

scholarly journals Cognitive Information Systems for Protection of Museum Complexes

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Aleksey Valentinovich Bogdanov ◽  
Igor Gennadievich Malygin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Security System ◽  
Structural Scheme ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
Technological Platform ◽  
Network Technologies ◽  
Cognitive Information Systems ◽  
Stratified Model

The paper considers the conceptual provisions of building a promising cognitive information security system of the museum complex on a cyber-physical basis. The stratified model of cognitive information security system of the museum complex was presented. It was shown that the key technological platform for the security of the museum complex is information and network technologies integrated (converged) with the technologies of industrial artificial intelligence. The generalized structural scheme of the cognitive cycle of the information security system of the museum complex was considered. The characteristic of the basic processes realized in a cognitive contour was given.   

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