scholarly journals Negative Overgeneralization is Associated with Anxiety and Mechanisms of Pattern Completion in Peripubertal Youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L McMakin ◽  
Adam Kimbler ◽  
Nicholas J Tustison ◽  
Jeremy W Pettit ◽  
Aaron T Mattfeld
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Critical Lure ◽  
Pattern Completion ◽  
Emotional Responding ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract This study examines neural mechanisms of negative overgeneralization, the increased likelihood of generalizing negative information, in peri-puberty. Theories suggest that weak pattern separation (overlapping representations are made distinct, indexed by DG/CA3 hippocampal subfield activation) underlies negative overgeneralization. We alternatively propose that neuro-maturational changes that favor pattern completion (cues reinstate stored representations, indexed by CA1 activation) are modulated by circuitry involved in emotional responding (amygdala, medial prefrontal cortices [mPFC]) to drive negative overgeneralization. Youth (N=34, 9-14 years) recruited from community and clinic settings participated in an emotional mnemonic similarity task while undergoing MRI. At Study, participants indicated the valence of images; at Test, participants made recognition memory judgments. Critical lure stimuli, that were similar to images at Study, were presented at Test, and errors (“false alarms”) to negative relative to neutral stimuli reflected negative overgeneralization. Negative overgeneralization was related to greater and more similar patterns of activation in CA1 and both dorsal and ventral mPFC for negative relative to neutral stimuli. At Study, amygdala exhibited greater functional coupling with CA1 and dorsal mPFC during negative items that were later generalized. Negative overgeneralization is rooted in amygdala and mPFC modulation at encoding and pattern completion at retrieval.

scholarly journals Negative Overgeneralization is Associated with Anxiety and Mechanisms of Pattern Completion in Peripubertal Youth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L. McMakin ◽  
Adam Kimbler ◽  
Nicholas J. Tustison ◽  
Jeremy W. Pettit ◽  
Aaron T. Mattfeld
Keyword(s):  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Partial Match ◽  
Critical Lure ◽  
Pattern Completion ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Study Participants

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study examines neural mechanisms of negative overgeneralization in peri-puberty to identify potential contributors to escalating anxiety during this sensitive period. Theories suggest that weak pattern separation (a neurocomputational process by which overlapping representations are made distinct, indexed by DG/CA3 hippocampal subfields) is a major contributor to negative overgeneralization. We alternatively propose that neuromaturation related to generalization and anxiety-related pathology in peri-puberty predicts contributions from strong pattern completion (a partial match of cues reinstates stored representations, indexed by CA1) and related modulatory mechanisms (amygdala, medial prefrontal cortices [mPFC]).METHODSYouth (N=34, 9-14 years) recruited from community and clinic settings participated in an emotional mnemonic similarity task while undergoing MRI. At Study, participants indicated the valence of images; at Test, participants made an ‘old/new’ recognition memory judgment. Critical lure stimuli, that were similar but not the same as images from Study, were presented at Test, and errors (“false alarms”) to negative relative to neutral stimuli reflected negative overgeneralization. Univariate, multivariate, and functional connectivity analyses were performed to evaluate mechanisms of negative overgeneralization.RESULTSNegative overgeneralization was related to greater and more similar patterns of activation in CA1 and both dorsal and ventral mPFC for negative relative to neutral stimuli. At Study, amygdala increased functional coupling with CA1 and dorsal mPFC during negative items that were later generalized.CONCLUSIONSNegative overgeneralization is rooted in amygdala and mPFC modulation at encoding and pattern completion at retrieval. These mechanisms could prove to reflect etiological roots of anxiety that precede symptom escalation across adolescence.

scholarly journals A neural signature of pattern separation in the monkey hippocampus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Sakon ◽  
Wendy A. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Visual Pattern ◽  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Neural Signature

AbstractThe CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus are considered key for disambiguating sensory inputs from similar experiences in memory, a process termed pattern separation. The neural mechanisms underlying pattern separation, however, have been difficult to compare across species: rodents offer robust recording methods with less human-centric tasks while humans provide complex behavior with less recording potential. To overcome these limitations, we trained monkeys to perform a visual pattern separation task similar to those used in humans while recording activity from single CA3/DG neurons. We find that when animals discriminate recently seen novel images from similar (lure) images, behavior indicative of pattern separation, CA3/DG neurons respond to lure images more like novel than repeat images. Using a population of these neurons, we are able to classify novel, lure, and repeat images from each other using this pattern of firing rates. Notably, one subpopulation of these neurons is more responsible for distinguishing lures and repeats—the key discrimination indicative of pattern separation.

Genetic Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Affects the Neural Mechanisms of Pattern Separation in Hippocampal Subfields

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (21) ◽  
pp. 4201-4212.e3
Author(s):  
Hweeling Lee ◽  
Rüdiger Stirnberg ◽  
Sichu Wu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Tony Stöcker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of True and False Recognition Memory for Socially Relevant Information in Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M Jimenez ◽  
Junghee Lee ◽  
Eric A Reavis ◽  
Jonathan K Wynn ◽  
Michael F Green
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Lateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Socially Relevant

Abstract Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) demonstrate poor recognition memory, even when information is socially relevant. The neural alterations associated with responses to old information that is accurately recognized (true recognition) vs new information inaccurately identified as old (false recognition) are not known. Twenty SZ patients and 16 healthy controls performed a recognition paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using 78 learned target and 78 new distractor words (all socially relevant trait adjectives). Participants were asked to indicate whether they had seen the word before or not. Words were classified according to the subjects’ responses, as hits (true recognition), false alarms (false recognition), correct rejections, or misses and compared for blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activation. During hits, patients with SZ and controls showed similar BOLD activation in expected areas of lateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. During false alarms, controls activated many of the same regions as were activated during hits. In contrast, patients had reduced activation in lateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann Area, BA, 9, 46), anterior cingulate/paracingulate (BA 24/32, 6), and posterior cingulate cortex (BA 23/31). These results indicate that, compared to controls, patients with SZ exhibit a lack of correspondence between behavior (ie, falsely identifying new items as old) and neural activation patterns (ie, overlap in activation of regions associated with true and false recognition). These findings shed light on the neural mechanisms associated with false recognition memory in SZ.

scholarly journals Behavioral pattern separation and its link to the neural mechanisms of fear generalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1720-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Lange ◽  
Liesbet Goossens ◽  
Stijn Michielse ◽  
Jindra Bakker ◽  
Shmuel Lissek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Fear Generalization

scholarly journals Changes in pattern completion – A key mechanism to explain age-related recognition memory deficits?

Cortex ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Vieweg ◽  
Matthias Stangl ◽  
Lorelei R. Howard ◽  
Thomas Wolbers
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Pattern Completion ◽  
Age Related

The Effects of Increasing Semantic-Associate List Length on the Deese–Roediger–McDermott False Recognition Memory: Dual False-Memory Process in Retrieval from Sub- and Supraspan Lists

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2076-2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerwen Jou ◽  
Mario L. Arredondo ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Eric E. Escamilla ◽  
Richard Zuniga
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
False Memory ◽  
List Length ◽  
Correct Rejection ◽  
Memory Process ◽  
Retrieval Process ◽  
Critical Lure ◽  
Set Size ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm

In this study, the number of semantic associates in Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) lists was varied from 4 to 14 in a modified Sternberg paradigm. The false alarm (FA) and correct rejection (CR) reaction time (RT)/memory-set size (MSS) functions of critical lures showed a cross-over interaction at approximately MSS 7, suggesting a reversal of the relative dominance between these two responses to the critical lure at this point and also indicating the location of the boundary between the sub- and supraspan MSS. For the subspan lists, FA to critical lures was slower than CR, suggesting a slow, strategic mechanism driving the false memory. Conversely, for the supraspan lists, critical lure FA was faster than its CR, suggesting a spontaneous mechanism driving the false memory. Results of two experiments showed that an automatic, fast, and a slow, controlled process could be error-prone or error-corrective, depending on the length of the DRM memory list. Thus there is a dual retrieval process in false memory as in true memory. The findings can be explained by both the activation/monitoring and the fuzzy-trace theories.

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