scholarly journals Negative Overgeneralization is Associated with Anxiety and Mechanisms of Pattern Completion in Peripubertal Youth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L. McMakin ◽  
Adam Kimbler ◽  
Nicholas J. Tustison ◽  
Jeremy W. Pettit ◽  
Aaron T. Mattfeld
Keyword(s):  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Partial Match ◽  
Critical Lure ◽  
Pattern Completion ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Study Participants

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study examines neural mechanisms of negative overgeneralization in peri-puberty to identify potential contributors to escalating anxiety during this sensitive period. Theories suggest that weak pattern separation (a neurocomputational process by which overlapping representations are made distinct, indexed by DG/CA3 hippocampal subfields) is a major contributor to negative overgeneralization. We alternatively propose that neuromaturation related to generalization and anxiety-related pathology in peri-puberty predicts contributions from strong pattern completion (a partial match of cues reinstates stored representations, indexed by CA1) and related modulatory mechanisms (amygdala, medial prefrontal cortices [mPFC]).METHODSYouth (N=34, 9-14 years) recruited from community and clinic settings participated in an emotional mnemonic similarity task while undergoing MRI. At Study, participants indicated the valence of images; at Test, participants made an ‘old/new’ recognition memory judgment. Critical lure stimuli, that were similar but not the same as images from Study, were presented at Test, and errors (“false alarms”) to negative relative to neutral stimuli reflected negative overgeneralization. Univariate, multivariate, and functional connectivity analyses were performed to evaluate mechanisms of negative overgeneralization.RESULTSNegative overgeneralization was related to greater and more similar patterns of activation in CA1 and both dorsal and ventral mPFC for negative relative to neutral stimuli. At Study, amygdala increased functional coupling with CA1 and dorsal mPFC during negative items that were later generalized.CONCLUSIONSNegative overgeneralization is rooted in amygdala and mPFC modulation at encoding and pattern completion at retrieval. These mechanisms could prove to reflect etiological roots of anxiety that precede symptom escalation across adolescence.

scholarly journals Negative Overgeneralization is Associated with Anxiety and Mechanisms of Pattern Completion in Peripubertal Youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L McMakin ◽  
Adam Kimbler ◽  
Nicholas J Tustison ◽  
Jeremy W Pettit ◽  
Aaron T Mattfeld
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Critical Lure ◽  
Pattern Completion ◽  
Emotional Responding ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract This study examines neural mechanisms of negative overgeneralization, the increased likelihood of generalizing negative information, in peri-puberty. Theories suggest that weak pattern separation (overlapping representations are made distinct, indexed by DG/CA3 hippocampal subfield activation) underlies negative overgeneralization. We alternatively propose that neuro-maturational changes that favor pattern completion (cues reinstate stored representations, indexed by CA1 activation) are modulated by circuitry involved in emotional responding (amygdala, medial prefrontal cortices [mPFC]) to drive negative overgeneralization. Youth (N=34, 9-14 years) recruited from community and clinic settings participated in an emotional mnemonic similarity task while undergoing MRI. At Study, participants indicated the valence of images; at Test, participants made recognition memory judgments. Critical lure stimuli, that were similar to images at Study, were presented at Test, and errors (“false alarms”) to negative relative to neutral stimuli reflected negative overgeneralization. Negative overgeneralization was related to greater and more similar patterns of activation in CA1 and both dorsal and ventral mPFC for negative relative to neutral stimuli. At Study, amygdala exhibited greater functional coupling with CA1 and dorsal mPFC during negative items that were later generalized. Negative overgeneralization is rooted in amygdala and mPFC modulation at encoding and pattern completion at retrieval.

Genetic Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Affects the Neural Mechanisms of Pattern Separation in Hippocampal Subfields

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (21) ◽  
pp. 4201-4212.e3
Author(s):  
Hweeling Lee ◽  
Rüdiger Stirnberg ◽  
Sichu Wu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Tony Stöcker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields

scholarly journals Pattern separation and pattern completion: Behaviorally separable processes?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Ngo ◽  
Sebastian Michelmann ◽  
Nora Newcombe ◽  
Ingrid R. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Pattern Completion ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Hippocampus Proper

Episodic memory capacity requires several processes, including mnemonic discrimination of similar experiences, termed pattern separation, and holistic retrieval of multidimensional experiences given a cue, termed pattern completion. Both computations seem to rely on the hippocampus proper, but they also seem to be instantiated by distinct hippocampal subfields. Thus, we investigated whether individual differences in behavioral expressions of pattern separation and pattern completion were correlatedafter accounting for general mnemonic ability. Young adult participants learned events comprised of a scene-animal-object triad. In the pattern separation task, we estimated mnemonic discrimination using lure classification for events that contained a similar lure element. In the pattern completion task, we estimated holistic recollection using dependency in retrieval success for different associations from the same event. Although overall accuracies for the two tasks correlated as expected, specific measures of individual variation in holistic retrieval and mnemonic discrimination did not correlate, suggesting that these two processes involve distinguishable properties of episodic memory.

scholarly journals A neural signature of pattern separation in the monkey hippocampus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Sakon ◽  
Wendy A. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Visual Pattern ◽  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Neural Signature

AbstractThe CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus are considered key for disambiguating sensory inputs from similar experiences in memory, a process termed pattern separation. The neural mechanisms underlying pattern separation, however, have been difficult to compare across species: rodents offer robust recording methods with less human-centric tasks while humans provide complex behavior with less recording potential. To overcome these limitations, we trained monkeys to perform a visual pattern separation task similar to those used in humans while recording activity from single CA3/DG neurons. We find that when animals discriminate recently seen novel images from similar (lure) images, behavior indicative of pattern separation, CA3/DG neurons respond to lure images more like novel than repeat images. Using a population of these neurons, we are able to classify novel, lure, and repeat images from each other using this pattern of firing rates. Notably, one subpopulation of these neurons is more responsible for distinguishing lures and repeats—the key discrimination indicative of pattern separation.

scholarly journals Behavioral pattern separation and its link to the neural mechanisms of fear generalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1720-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Lange ◽  
Liesbet Goossens ◽  
Stijn Michielse ◽  
Jindra Bakker ◽  
Shmuel Lissek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Fear Generalization

scholarly journals Development of neural responsivity to vocal sounds in higher level auditory cortex of songbirds

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa C. Miller-Sims ◽  
Sarah W. Bottjer
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Salient Stimulus ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Persistent Response

Like humans, songbirds learn vocal sounds from “tutors” during a sensitive period of development. Vocal learning in songbirds therefore provides a powerful model system for investigating neural mechanisms by which memories of learned vocal sounds are stored. This study examined whether NCM (caudo-medial nidopallium), a region of higher level auditory cortex in songbirds, serves as a locus where a neural memory of tutor sounds is acquired during early stages of vocal learning. NCM neurons respond well to complex auditory stimuli, and evoked activity in many NCM neurons habituates such that the response to a stimulus that is heard repeatedly decreases to approximately one-half its original level (stimulus-specific adaptation). The rate of neural habituation serves as an index of familiarity, being low for familiar sounds, but high for novel sounds. We found that response strength across different song stimuli was higher in NCM neurons of adult zebra finches than in juveniles, and that only adult NCM responded selectively to tutor song. The rate of habituation across both tutor song and novel conspecific songs was lower in adult than in juvenile NCM, indicating higher familiarity and a more persistent response to song stimuli in adults. In juvenile birds that have memorized tutor vocal sounds, neural habituation was higher for tutor song than for a familiar conspecific song. This unexpected result suggests that the response to tutor song in NCM at this age may be subject to top-down influences that maintain the tutor song as a salient stimulus, despite its high level of familiarity.

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