scholarly journals PtrKOR1 is required for secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis in Populus

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1289-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Yu ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
J. Sun ◽  
L. Li
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis

Brittle Culm 1Encodes a COBRA-Like Protein Involved in Secondary Cell Wall Cellulose Biosynthesis in Sorghum

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Li ◽  
Yanrong Liu ◽  
Wenqing Tan ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Mengjiao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Brittle Culm

Strength and Crystalline Structure of Developing Acala Cotton

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-L. Hsieh ◽  
X.-P. Hu ◽  
A. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Fiber Breaking

Single fiber strengths and crystalline structures of greenhouse-grown Maxxa Acala cotton fibers at varying stages of development and at maturity are reported and compared with those of SJ-2 cotton fibers. Single fiber breaking forces of the Maxxa variety increase most significantly during the fourth week of fiber development; these increases correlate to the 60 to 90 mg seed fiber weight range. The forces required to break single fibers are similar for the SJ-2 and Maxxa varieties through the end of the fourth week of development. Beyond 30 dpa, both single fiber breaking forces and tenacities of the Maxxa cotton fibers are higher than those of the SJ-2 cotton fibers. Four waxd peaks located near 2θ angles of 14.7, 16.6, 22.7, and 34.4° are characteristic of the 101, 101, 002, and 040 reflections of cellulose I, respectively. The 002 peak intensity increases greatly during cellulose biosynthesis, indicating improved alignment of the glucosidic rings and improved order of atoms located within the glucosidic rings as the secondary cell wall thickens. The overall crystallinity and apparent crystallite sizes normal to the 101, 101, and 002 planes increase with fiber development for both varieties. Within each variety, the single fiber breaking forces are positively related to both the overall crystallinity and crystallite sizes. Between these two varieties, increasing breaking forces and tenacities appear to be related more to crystallite size than to crystallinity.

scholarly journals Golgi-localized GALT7 and GALT8 participate in cellulose biosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Nibbering ◽  
Romain Castilleux ◽  
Gunnar Wingsle ◽  
Totte Niittylä
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Arabinogalactan Protein ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Wall Assembly ◽  
Protein Levels

AbstractArabinogalactan protein (AGP) glycan biosynthesis in the Golgi apparatus contributes to plant cell wall assembly, but the mechanisms underlying this process are largely unknown. Here, we show that two putative galactosyltransferases -named GALT7 and GALT8 -from the glycosyltransferase family 31 (GT31) of Arabidopsis thaliana participate in cellulose biosynthesis. galt7galt8 mutants show primary cell wall defects manifesting as impaired growth and cell expansion in seedlings and etiolated hypocotyls, along with secondary cell wall defects, apparent as collapsed xylem vessels and reduced xylem wall thickness in the inflorescence stem. These phenotypes were associated with a ∼30% reduction in cellulose content, a ∼50% reduction in secondary cell wall CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) protein levels and reduced cellulose biosynthesis rate. CESA transcript levels were not significantly altered in galt7galt8 mutants, suggesting that the reduction in CESA levels was caused by a post-transcriptional mechanism. We provide evidence that both GALT7 and GALT8 localise to the Golgi apparatus, while quantitative proteomics experiments revealed reduced levels of the entire FLA subgroup B in the galt7galt8 mutants. This leads us to hypothesize that a defect in FLA subgroup B glycan biosynthesis reduces cellulose biosynthesis rate in galt7galt8 mutants.

Ectopic expression of SOD and APX genes in Arabidopsis alters metabolic pools and genes related to secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis and improve salt tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 1985-2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrina Shafi ◽  
Tejpal Gill ◽  
Insha Zahoor ◽  
Paramvir Singh Ahuja ◽  
Yelam Sreenivasulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis

scholarly journals MYB Transcription Factors and Its Regulation in Secondary Cell Wall Formation and Lignin Biosynthesis during Xylem Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3560
Author(s):  
Ruixue Xiao ◽  
Chong Zhang ◽  
Xiaorui Guo ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Hai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Myb Transcription Factors ◽  
Wall Formation

The secondary wall is the main part of wood and is composed of cellulose, xylan, lignin, and small amounts of structural proteins and enzymes. Lignin molecules can interact directly or indirectly with cellulose, xylan and other polysaccharide molecules in the cell wall, increasing the mechanical strength and hydrophobicity of plant cells and tissues and facilitating the long-distance transportation of water in plants. MYBs (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) belong to one of the largest superfamilies of transcription factors, the members of which regulate secondary cell-wall formation by promoting/inhibiting the biosynthesis of lignin, cellulose, and xylan. Among them, MYB46 and MYB83, which comprise the second layer of the main switch of secondary cell-wall biosynthesis, coordinate upstream and downstream secondary wall synthesis-related transcription factors. In addition, MYB transcription factors other than MYB46/83, as well as noncoding RNAs, hormones, and other factors, interact with one another to regulate the biosynthesis of the secondary wall. Here, we discuss the biosynthesis of secondary wall, classification and functions of MYB transcription factors and their regulation of lignin polymerization and secondary cell-wall formation during wood formation.

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