scholarly journals Additional Resistance Gene(s) Against Cladosporium fulvum Present on the Cf-9 Introgression Segment Are Associated with Strong PR Protein Accumulation

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Laugé ◽  
Alexander P. Dmitriev ◽  
Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten ◽  
Pierre J. G. M. De Wit
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Tomato Pathogen ◽  
Or Genes ◽  
Introgression Segment ◽  
Weak Resistance

The existence of a gene or genes conferring weak resistance against the fungal tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum, in addition to the Cf-9 resistance gene, present on the Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Cf-9 segment introgressed into L. esculentum, was demonstrated with strains of C. fulvum lacking a functional Avr9 avirulence gene and tomato genotypes lacking a functional Cf-9 gene, respectively. Two mutant strains, obtained by disruption of Avr9 in race 4 and race 5 of C. fulvum, do not trigger the hypersensitive response-mediated resistance on MM-Cf9 genotypes that is normally induced after recognition of the AVR9 elicitor. However, when these strains are inoculated onto MM-Cf0 and MM-Cf9 genotypes, adult MM-Cf9 plants still show weak resistance. This resistance is not related to the Cf-9 gene, as ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-generated Cf-9 mutants retained weak resistance. Growth of the fungus in the leaf mesophyll is strongly inhibited, whereas re-emergence of fungal mycelium and conidiation are poor. Strong accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins and early leaf chlorosis are associated with this phenotype of weak resistance. A search among natural strains lacking the Avr9 gene revealed that one strain is able to overcome this weak resistance. Possible mechanisms underlying this weak resistance are discussed. The presence of the additional weak resistance gene(s) could explain why the resistance of Cf9 genotypes has not been overcome so far in practice.

Nitrogen limitation induces expression of the avirulence gene avr9 in the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum

1994 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. J. M. Van den Ackerveken ◽  
R. M. Dunn ◽  
A. J. Cozijnsen ◽  
J. P. M. J. Vossen ◽  
H. W. J. Van den Broek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Tomato Pathogen

scholarly journals Genetic Control and Host Range of Avirulence Toward Brassica napus Cultivars Quinta and Jet Neuf in Leptosphaeria maculans

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Balesdent ◽  
A. Attard ◽  
D. Ansan-Melayah ◽  
R. Delourme ◽  
M. Renard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Deleterious Gene ◽  
Or Genes ◽  
Avr Gene ◽  
Avr Genes

Leptosphaeria maculans causes blackleg of oilseed rape. Gene-for-gene interactions between race PG3 and Brassica napus cv. Quinta were related to interaction between the fungal avirulence (Avr) gene AvrLm1 and the corresponding resistance gene Rlm1. AvrLm1 isolates were aviru-lent on cvs. Doublol, Vivol, Columbus, and Capitol, and no recombinant phenotypes were observed in the progeny of two AvrLm1 × avrLm1 crosses, suggesting that all of these cultivars may possess Rlm1 or genes displaying the same recognition spectrum, or that a cluster of Avr genes is present at the Avrlm1 locus. In one cross, segregation distortion was observed at the AvrLm1 locus that could be explained by interaction between AvrLm1 and one unlinked deleterious gene, termed Del1. Incompatibility toward cvs. Jet Neuf and Darmor.bzh was governed by a single gene, unlinked to AvrLm1 or Del1. This avirulence gene was termed AvrLm4. Preliminary plant genetic analysis suggested the occurrence of a corresponding dominant resistance gene, termed Rlm4, present in the Quinta line analyzed and linked to Rlm1.

scholarly journals Starvation-Induced Genes of the Tomato Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum Are Also Induced During Growth In Planta

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1106-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Coleman ◽  
Beatrice Henricot ◽  
Jose Arnau ◽  
Richard P. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Cdna Library ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Induced Genes ◽  
Tomato Pathogen

The pathogenicity of fungal pathogens is presumably dependent on genes that are expressed during infection. In order to isolate such genes from the tomato pathogen Cla-dosporium fulvum, and to test the hypothesis that starvation-induced genes are also plant induced, a cDNA library was prepared from mycelia grown in a defined medium and then transferred to a starvation medium. The library was then screened with cDNA probes prepared from starved and replete fungal mycelium. Five unique, differentially expressed cDNAs were isolated from 1,000 clones screened. Northern (RNA) hybridization confirmed that all five were starvation induced. Interestingly, all five were also found to be plant induced. The identity of two of the clones was indicated by partial DNA sequencing as alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase. The observed correlation between starvation induction and plant induction is discussed.

scholarly journals No Evidence for Binding Between Resistance Gene Product Cf-9 of Tomato and Avirulence Gene Product AVR9 of Cladosporium fulvum

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 867-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rianne Luderer ◽  
Susana Rivas ◽  
Thorsten Nürnberger ◽  
Benedetta Mattei ◽  
Henno W. Van den Hooven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Insect Cells ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
High Affinity Binding Site ◽  
Avr Gene

The gene-for-gene model postulates that for every gene determining resistance in the host plant, there is a corresponding gene conditioning avirulence in the pathogen. On the basis of this relationship, products of resistance (R) genes and matching avirulence (Avr) genes are predicted to interact. Here, we report on binding studies between the R gene product Cf-9 of tomato and the Avr gene product AVR9 of the pathogenic fungus Cladosporium fulvum. Because a high-affinity binding site (HABS) for AVR9 is present in tomato lines, with or without the Cf-9 resistance gene, as well as in other solanaceous plants, the Cf-9 protein was produced in COS and insect cells in order to perform binding studies in the absence of the HABS. Binding studies with radio-labeled AVR9 were performed with Cf-9-producing COS and insect cells and with membrane preparations of such cells. Furthermore, the Cf-9 gene was introduced in tobacco, which is known to be able to produce a functional Cf-9 protein. Binding of AVR9 to Cf-9 protein produced in tobacco was studied employing surface plasmon resonance and surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization. Specific binding between Cf-9 and AVR9 was not detected with any of the procedures. The implications of this observation are discussed.

Identification and fine mapping of Pi33, the rice resistance gene corresponding to the Magnaporthe grisea avirulence gene ACE1

2003 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 1139-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Berruyer ◽  
H. Adreit ◽  
J. Milazzo ◽  
S. Gaillard ◽  
A. Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Avirulence Gene
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