Pathogenicity of Phytopythium chamaehyphon: a new player in Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A. Chev.) A. Chev. ‘Hayward’ in Italy

Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome (KVDS) is a serious soil-borne disease that degrades the fine roots of both Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa and var. chinensis. The disease seems to be the result of an interaction between several soil-borne pathogens, mostly oomycetes, and waterlogging. This work investigates the pathogenicity of the oomycete Phytopythium chamaehyphon recently isolated from roots of diseased plants. Pathogenicity was tested in 6-month-old and 1-year-old plants that after inoculation were flooded up to three times to induce symptom appearance. Leaf wilting and root rot typical of KVDS was observed in all the plants inoculated with P. chamaehyphon strain KD-15 (PCHA) and in all the positive controls potted in a mix of peat and soils collected in KVDS-affected orchards, while negative controls remained symptomless. Disease development on 6-months-old plants was characterized by unusual degradation of the not-lignified collar, occurring even in absence of flooding. Conversely, on 1-year-old plants, symptoms faithfully reproduced KVDS dynamics observed in orchard. This work confirmed the pathogenicity of P. chamaehyphon and raised new questions about the actual role of waterlogging in KVDS etiology.

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THE ROLE OF A THERMOPHILIC FUNGUS IN THE ROOT ROT / VINE DECLINE DISEASE OF MUSKMELON IN TEXAS.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.5.488c ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 488c-488

Author(s):

Ray D. Martyn ◽

J. C. Mertely ◽

M. E. Miller ◽

B. D. Bruton

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Cucumis Melo ◽

Rio Grande Valley ◽

Similar Species ◽

Lower Rio Grande Valley ◽

Optimum Ph ◽

Decline Disease ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Vine Decline

A disease of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) characterized by a vine decline and a cortical root rot was first observed in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in 1986. In 1990, isolations from diseased plants collected from four commercial production fields yielded the fungus Monosporascus cannonballus. Pathogenicity tests with eight isolates confirmed Koch's postulates; however, there were differences in aggressiveness observed among isolates. M. cannonballus is an ascomycete fungus that typically produces only one (rarely two), round, jet-black ascospore per ascus. There is no known asexual stage. Temperature optimum of one isolate was 35 C. The optimum pH for growth was 6-7, but it grew well up to pH 9. M. cannonballus was first reported on muskmelon in 1970 from Arizona and recently was found in Japan under glass house culture. The presence of this fungus in Texas marks only the third report of this species worldwide, although a similar species (M. eutypoides) is the cause of a collapse of melon plants in Israel.

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Role of rhizobia in suppressing the root rot and root knot disease of chili used alone or with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pakistan Journal of Botany ◽

10.30848/pjb2020-3(42) ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Gulnaz Parveen ◽

Faizah Urooj ◽

Hafiza Asma Shafique ◽

Afshan Rahman ◽

Syed Ehteshamul Haque

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Root Rot

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Nanocarriers of Miconazole or Fluconazole: Effects on Three-Species Candida Biofilms and Cytotoxic Effects In Vitro

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7070500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 500

Author(s):

Anne Caroline Morais Caldeirão ◽

Heitor Ceolin Araujo ◽

Laís Salomão Arias ◽

Wilmer Ramírez Carmona ◽

Gustavo Porangaba Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infections ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Mtt Reduction ◽

Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Positive Controls

The contribution of different Candida species in oral fungal infections has stimulated the search for more effective therapies. This study assessed the antibiofilm effects of nanocarriers of miconazole (MCZ) or fluconazole (FLZ) on Candida biofilms, and their cytotoxic effects on murine fibroblasts. Three-species biofilms (Candida albicans/Candida glabrata/Candida tropicalis) were formed on 96-well plates, and they were treated with nanocarriers (iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan—“IONPs-CS”) of MCZ or FLZ at 39/78/156 µg/mL; antifungals alone at 156 µg/mL and artificial saliva were tested as positive and negative controls, respectively. Biofilms were analyzed by colony forming units (CFU), biomass, metabolic activity, and structure/viability. The cytotoxicity (L929 cells) of all treatments was determined via 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Data were submitted to one- or two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s or Fisher LSD’s tests (p < 0.05). IONPs-CS-MCZ at 78 µg/mL promoted similar antibiofilm and cytotoxic effects compared with MCZ at 156 µg/mL. In turn, IONPs-CS-FLZ at 156 µg/mL was overall the most effective FLZ antibiofilm treatment, surpassing the effects of FLZ alone; this nanocarrier was also less cytotoxic compared with FLZ alone. It can be concluded that both nanocarriers are more effective alternatives to fight Candida biofilms compared with their respective positive controls in vitro, being a promising alternative for the treatment of oral fungal infections.

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The role of mineral fertilizers for controlling spring barley root rot development

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/624/1/012089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 624 ◽

pp. 012089

Author(s):

A A Postovalov

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Barley Root ◽

Mineral Fertilizers

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The actual role of thrombolytic treatment in central retinal artery occlusion

Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition) ◽

10.1016/j.oftale.2020.09.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A.R. Allocco ◽

N.E. Quintana ◽

M.G. Magurno

Keyword(s):

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽

Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Central Retinal Artery ◽

Thrombolytic Treatment ◽

Actual Role ◽

Retinal Artery

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Diversity of soil-borne fungal species associated to root rot and vine decline of melon in Sardinia (Italy)

Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s42161-021-00774-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandro Infantino ◽

Virgilio Balmas ◽

Nicola Schianchi ◽

Stefano Mocali ◽

Carolina Chiellini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Vine Decline

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A Critical Analysis of the Actual Role of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Active Surveillance for Kidney Cancer

European Urology ◽

10.1016/j.eururo.2009.10.023 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 223-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Roman Heuer ◽

Inderbir S. Gill ◽

Giorgio Guazzoni ◽

Ziya Kirkali ◽

Michael Marberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽

Minimally Invasive ◽

Kidney Cancer ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Invasive Surgery ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Actual Role

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STUDIES ON THE SEEDLING DISEASE OF BARLEY CAUSED BY HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM P.K. & B.

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b56-048 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 653-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

R. A. Ludwig ◽

R. V. Clark ◽

J. B. Julien ◽

D. B. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Disease Development ◽

Toxic Activity ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Seedling Disease ◽

Nutrient Salt ◽

Helminthosporium Sativum ◽

Treatment Comparisons

A standard sand – cornmeal – nutrient salt medium, for use in the production of artificial inoculum of Helminthosporium sativum, is described. This inoculum induces uniform plant disease development when thoroughly incorporated with the planting soil. The results presented clearly demonstrate the necessity of using a series of infestation levels in studies of factors affecting disease development in artificially infested soil. It is shown that considerable reliance can be placed on treatment comparisons within an experiment but that comparisons between experiments are much less accurate. The role of a toxin (or toxins) in disease development in barley seedlings has been demonstrated. The toxic activity was found to be distinct from that frequently encountered on addition of organic matter to soil. Results obtained suggest that toxin adsorption by the soil may play an important role in reducing disease incidence and severity.

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