scholarly journals Quantifying the Within-Field Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Bean pod mottle virus in Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Byamukama ◽  
A. E. Robertson ◽  
F. W. Nutter
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Beetle Population ◽  
Bean Leaf Beetle ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The prevalence and incidence of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) have been reported to be on the increase in the United States but little is known about the temporal and spatial dynamics of this virus within soybean (Glycine max) fields. A quadrat-based sampling method was developed to quantify the within-field spread of BPMV in soybean in 2006 and 2007. Twenty-five 30-cm-long quadrats were established within each row of soybean in field plots consisting of six rows, each 7.6 m long and spaced 0.76 m apart. Four treatments were used to influence the temporal and spatial dynamics of BPMV epidemics. Treatments were: (i) establishment of a point source of BPMV inoculum within soybean plots; (ii) lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide applied at the V1 and R2 growth stages; (iii) establishment of a BPMV inoculum point source, plus the application of foliar insecticide sprays at the V1 and R2 growth stages; and (iv) a nontreated, noninoculated control. All quadrats (census) were sampled beginning 25 days after planting; sampling continued every 8 to 11 days until plants were senescent. Sap from leaf samples was extracted and tested for BPMV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The incidence of BPMV per treatment was plotted against time to produce BPMV incidence curves for temporal analyses. In addition, positions of BPMV-positive quadrats were mapped for spatial analyses. BPMV was detected within soybean plots on the first sampling date in 2006 (30 May) and on the second sampling date in 2007 (21 June). The rate of BPMV temporal spread within treatments ranged from 0.11 to 0.13 logits/day in 2006 and from 0.05 to 0.07 logits/day in 2007. Doubling times for BPMV incidence among treatments ranged from 5.4 to 6.4 days in 2006 and from 10.0 to 14.1 days in 2007. Soybean plots that had the earliest dates of BPMV detection within quadrats (x) also had the highest BPMV incidence (y) at the end of the growing season (R2 = 66.5 and 70.4% for 2006 and 2007, respectively). Spatial analyses using ordinary runs, black-white join-counts, and spatial autocorrelation revealed highly aggregated spatial patterns of BPMV-infected quadrats over time. Bean leaf beetle population densities were linearly related to BPMV incidence (P < 0.0001) in both years, indicating that BPMV epidemics were greatly influenced by bean leaf beetle population density. To our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify the seasonal temporal and spatial dynamics of BPMV spread within soybean.

POLYMORPHIC FORMS OF THE BEAN LEAF BEETLE, CEROTOMA TRIFURCATA (FORSTER) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), IN SOYBEANS IN MISSISSIPPI: TRANSMISSION OF BEAN POD MOTTLE VIRUS.1

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry N. Pitre
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Cerotoma Trifurcata ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Bean Leaf Beetle ◽  
Polymorphic Forms ◽  
Soybean Plants

A field population of bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), adults on soybean, cv. Lee, in north Mississippi showed consistent frequencies of occurrence of polymorphic forms during the growing season. The greatest percentage of beetles were in the beige with spots category (62%), followed in order by beige without spots (27%), crimson with spots (8%), and crimson without spots (3%). Field-collected adults experimentally transmitted bean pod mottle virus from infected soybean plants, cv. Bragg, to healthy seedlings (1st trifoliolate) after a 24-h acquisition feeding on virus infected source plants with equal degrees of polymorph transmission efficiency (29 - 35%, n.s.).

Quantification of Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Bean pod mottle virus at Different Spatial Scales

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
E. Byamukama ◽  
A. E. Robertson ◽  
F. W. Nutter
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Prevalent Virus ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Field Plots

Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) is the most prevalent virus infecting soybean (Glycine max) in the United States; however, the temporal and spatial dynamics in BPMV at varying spatial scales has not been elucidated. To quantify the temporal and spatial dynamics of BPMV at a field scale, a quadrat-based method was developed in which six soybean rows, each consisting of 30-cm-long quadrats, were established within soybean cv. NE3001 field plots (i.e., 150 quadrats per plot) in BPMV-inoculated and non-inoculated plots. Quadrats were sampled by selecting the youngest fully expanded leaflet from each of four plants within each quadrat beginning 25 days after planting, and continued at 8- to 11-day intervals until crop senescence. Leaf sap was extracted from each 4-leaflet (bulked) sample (from each quadrat), and tested for presence of the BPMV by ELISA. Quadrat position (plot, row, and quadrat number) and the date of sampling that each quadrat first tested positive for BPMV was recorded and mapped. The rate of BPMV incidence in 2006 ranged from 0.09 to 0.12 logits/day, indicating that BPMV incidence was doubling every 5.3 to 7.7 days in 2006. Doubling times for BPMV incidence in 2007 were slower, ranging from 17.3 to 34.7 days. Analysis of spatial patterns using ordinary runs revealed that BPMV-infected quadrats were predominantly clustered within both BPMV-inoculated and non-inoculated plots throughout both growing seasons. In addition to within field plot studies, a threeyear statewide disease survey (2005-2007) was conducted in Iowa to quantify county and field scale BPMV prevalence and incidence by systematically selecting 30 plants/soybean field (8 to 16 soybean fields per county). Leaf samples were then tested for BPMV by ELISA and county-level BPMV incidence maps were generated using ArcGIS software. End-of-season BPMV prevalence was 39/96 counties in 2005 (40%), 90/99 counties in 2006 (90.1%), and 74/99 counties in 2007 (74.7%). The incidence of BPMV within Iowa counties ranged from 0 to 100% and BPMV incidence significantly increased statewide from north to south. Spatial autocorrelation (dependence) analysis using Moran's I revealed clustering for BPMV incidence among Iowa counties, indicating that BPMV incidence among counties was not random. The elucidation of the within-field temporal and spatial dynamics of BPMV and the statewide geographic distribution of BPMV in Iowa has important implications with regards to sampling, plant disease forensics, BPMV management, and risk prediction of BPMV. Accepted for publication 28 January 2010. Published 26 May 2010.

scholarly journals Bean Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Bean Pod Mottle Virus in Soybean: Biology, ecology, and management

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. B1-B7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buyung A. R. Hadi ◽  
Jeffrey D. Bradshaw ◽  
Marlin E. Rice ◽  
John H. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Bean Leaf Beetle

Bean Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Management for Reduction of Bean Pod Mottle Virus

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayda K. Krell ◽  
Larry P. Pedigo ◽  
John H. Hill ◽  
Marlin E. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Bean Leaf Beetle
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