scholarly journals First Report of Pantoea anthophila Causing Soft Rot Disease in Clausena lansium (Wampee) in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Zhou ◽  
S. Y. Liu ◽  
Y. F. Chen ◽  
L. S. Liao
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
First Report ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Clausena lansium, also known as wampee (Clausena wampi), is a plant species native to China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, where it is widely cultivated, and also grown in India, Sri Lanka, Queensland, Florida, and Hawaii, but less frequently (3). The fruit can be consumed fresh or made into juice, jam, or succade. In summer to fall 2014, a soft rot disease was found in a wampee planting region in Yunan County, Guangdong Province, China. On Sept. 18, we collected diseased samples from a wampee orchard with about 20% disease incidence. The infected fruit initially showed pinpoint spots on the peel, water-soaked lesions, and light to dark brown discoloration. Spots expanded in 2 days, and tissues collapsed after 5 days. Severely affected fruit showed cracking or nonodorous decay. Five diseased samples were collected, and causal agents were isolated from symptomatic tissues 1 cm under the peel after surface sterilization in 0.3% NaOCl for 10 min and rinsing in sterile water three times. Tissues were placed on a Luria Bertani (LB) plate for culture. Ten representative isolates were selected for further characterization. No colony was isolated from healthy tissues. Colonies were round, smooth, with irregular edges, and produced a yellow pigment in culture. Biolog identification (Version 4.20.05) showed that all strains were gram negative, negative for indole production, and utilized glucose, maltose, trehalose, sucrose, D-lactose, and pectin but not sorbitol or gelatin. The isolates were identified as Pantoea agglomerans (SIM 0.69). Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was conducted for rapid classification of the strains. Sequences of atpD, gyrB, infB, and rpoB were amplified using corresponding primers (2). All sequences of the 10 isolates were identical in each gene. BLASTn was performed, and maximum likelihood trees based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of the four genes were constructed using MEGA6. Bootstrap values after 1,000 replicates were expressed as percentages. Results showed that the tested strain named CL1 was most homologous to P. anthophila, with 98% identity for atpD (KM521543), 100% for gyrB (KM521544), infB (KM521545), and rpoB (KM521546). The 16S rRNA sequence (KM521542) amplified by primers 27f and 1492r shared 99% identity with that of P. anthophila M19_2C (JN644500). P. anthophila was previously reclassified from P. agglomerans (3); therefore, we suggest naming this wampee pathogen P. anthophila. Subsequently, 10 wampee fruits were injected with 20 μl of bacterial suspension (1 × 108 CFU/ml) of strains CL1 and CL2, respectively, and another 10 were injected with 20 μl of LB medium as controls, all kept at 28°C for 4 days. Symptoms similar to those of natural infections were observed on inoculated fruits but not on the negative controls. Bacteria were isolated from diseased tissues and further identified as P. anthophila by gyrB sequencing. P. anthophila was reported to naturally infect balsam and marigold (1,2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. anthophila naturally causing soft rot disease and cracking on C. lansium (wampee). References: (1) C. Brady et al. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 31:447, 2008. (2) C. Brady et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2339, 2009. (3) J. Morton. Fruits of Warm Climates. Echo Point Books & Media, Miami, FL, 1987.

scholarly journals First Report of Soft Rot Disease Caused by Pectobacterium wasabiae on Sweet Potato, Tomato, and Eggplant in Malaysia

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Golkhandan ◽  
S. Kamaruzaman ◽  
M. Sariah ◽  
M. A. Zainal Abidin ◽  
E. Nazerian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
First Report ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Rot Disease

In August 2011, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and eggplant (S. melongena) crops from major growing areas of the Cameron highlands and Johor state in Malaysia were affected by a soft rot disease. Disease incidence exceeded 80, 75, and 65% in severely infected fields and greenhouses of sweet potato, tomato, and eggplant, respectively. The disease was characterized by dark and small water-soaked lesions or soft rot symptoms on sweet potato tubers, tomato stems, and eggplant fruits. In addition, extensive discoloration of vascular tissues, stem hollowness, and water-soaked, soft, dark green lesions that turned brown with age were observed on the stem of tomato and eggplant. A survey was performed in these growing areas and 22 isolates of the pathogen were obtained from sweet potato (12 isolates), tomato (6 isolates), and eggplant (4 isolates) on nutrient agar (NA) and eosin methylene blue (EMB) (4). The cultures were incubated at 27°C for 2 days and colonies that were emerald green on EMB or white to gray on NA were selected for further studies. All bacterial cultures isolated from the survey exhibited pectolytic ability on potato slices. These bacterial isolates were gram negative; rod shaped; N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase, gelatin liquefaction, and OPNG positive; and were also positive for acid production from D-galactose, lactosemelibiose, raffinose, citrate, and trehalose. They were negative for indol production, phosphatase activity, reducing substances from sucrose, and negative for acid production from maltose, sorbitol, inositol, inolin, melezitose, α-mathyl-D-glocoside, and D-arabitol. The bacteria did not grow on NA at 37°C. Based on these biochemical and morphological assays, the pathogen was identified as Pectobacterium wasabiae (2). In addition, DNA was extracted and PCR assay with two primers (16SF1 and 16SR1) was performed (4). Partial sequences of 16S rRNA (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ665714, JX494234, and JX513960) of sweet potato, tomato, and eggplant, respectively, exhibited a 99% identity with P. wasabiae strain SR91 (NR_026047 and NR_026047.1). A pathogenicity assay was carried out on sweet potato tubers (cv. Oren), tomato stems (cv. 152177-A), and eggplant fruits (cv. 125066x) with 4 randomly representative isolates obtained from each crop. Sweet potato tubers, tomato stems, and eggplant fruits (4 replications) were sanitized in 70% ethyl alcohol for 30 s, washed and rinsed in sterile distilled water, and needle punctured with a bacterial suspension at a concentration of 108 CFU/ml. Inoculated tubers, stems, and fruits were incubated in a moist chamber at 90 to 100% RH for 72 h at 25°C when lesions were measured. All inoculated tubers, stems, and fruits exhibited soft rot symptoms after 72 h similar to those observed in the fields and greenhouses and the same bacteria were consistently reisolated. Symptoms were not observed on controls. The pathogenicty test was repeated with similar results. P. wasabiae have been previously reported to cause soft rot on Japanese horseradish (3), and aerial stem rot on potato in New Zealand (4), the U.S. (2), and Iran (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of sweet potato, tomato, and eggplant soft rot caused by P. wasabiae in Malaysia. References: (1) S. Baghaee-Ravari et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 129:413, 2011. (2) S. De Boer and A. Kelman. Page 56 in: Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 3rd ed. N. Schaad et al., eds. APS Press, St. Paul, 2001. (3) M. Goto et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37:130, 1987. (4) A. R. Pitman et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 126:423, 2010.

scholarly journals First Report of a Soft Rot of Phalaenopsis aphrodita Caused by Dickeya dieffenbachiae in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Zhou ◽  
B. R. Lin ◽  
H. F. Shen ◽  
X. M. Pu ◽  
Z. N. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Gyrb Gene ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tropical Asia

Phalaenopsis orchids, originally from tropical Asia, are mainly planted in Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Taiwan and have gained popularity from consumers all over the world. The cultivation area of Phalaenopsis orchids has been rising and large-scale bases have been established in mainland China, especially South China because of suitable environmental conditions. In September 2011, a soft rot of Phalaenopsis aphrodita was found in a Phalaenopsis planting base in Guangzhou with an incidence of ~15%. Infected plants initially showed water-soaked, pale-to-dark brown pinpoint spots on leaves that were sometimes surrounded by a yellow halo. Spots expanded rapidly with rising humidity and temperatures, and in a few days, severely extended over the blade with a light tan color and darker brown border. Lesions decayed with odorous fumes and tissues collapsed with inclusions exuding. The bacterium advanced to the stem and pedicle. Finally, leaves became papery dry and the pedicles lodged. Six diseased samples were collected, and bacteria were isolated from the edge of symptomatic tissues after sterilization in 0.3% NaOCl for 10 min, rinsing in sterile water three times, and placing on nutrient agar for culture. Twelve representative isolates were selected for further characterization. All strains were gram negative, grew at 37°C, were positive for indole production, and utilized malonate, glucose, and sucrose but not glucopyranoside, trehalose, or palatinose. Biolog identification (version 4.20.05, Hayward, CA) was performed and Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (SIM 0.868) was confirmed for the tested isolates (transfer to genus Dickeya). PCR was used to amplify the 16S rDNAgene with primers 27f and 1492r, dnaX gene with primers dnaXf and dnaXr (3), and gyrB gene with primers gyrBf (5′-GAAGGYAAAVTKCATCGTCAGG-3′) and gyrB-r1 (5′-TCARATATCRATATTCGCYGCTTTC-3′) designed on the basis of the published gyrB gene sequences of genus Dickeya. BLASTn was performed online, and phylogeny trees (100% bootstrap values) were created by means of MEGA 5.05 for these gene sequences, respectively. Results commonly showed that the representative tested strain, PA1, was most homologous to Dickeya dieffenbachiae with 98% identity for 16S rDNA(JN940859), 97% for dnaX (JN989971), and 96% for gyrB (JN971031). Thus, we recommend calling this isolate D. dieffenbachiae PA1. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by injecting 10 P. aphrodita seedlings with 100 μl of the bacterial suspension (1 × 108 CFU/ml) and another 10 were injected with 100 μl of sterile water as controls. Plants were inoculated in a greenhouse at 28 to 32°C and 90% relative humidity. Soft rot symptoms were observed after 2 days on the inoculated plants, but not on the control ones. The bacterium was isolated from the lesions and demonstrated identity to the inoculated plant by the 16S rDNA sequence comparison. Previously, similar diseases of P. amabilis were reported in Tangshan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Wuhan and causal agents were identified as Erwinia spp. (2), Pseudomonas grimontii (1), E. chrysanthemi, and E. carotovora subsp. carovora (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. dieffenbachiae causing soft rot disease on P. aphrodita in China. References: (1) X. L. Chu and B. Yang. Acta Phytopathol. Sin. 40:90, 2010. (2) Y. M. Li et al. J. Beijing Agric. Coll. 19:41, 2004. (3) M. Sławiak et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 125:245, 2009. (4) Z. Y. Wu et al. J. Zhejiang For. Coll. 27:635, 2010.

scholarly journals First Report of Bacterial Soft Rot Disease on Mammillaria mystax Caused by Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1536-1536
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Reyes-García ◽  
Santo Ángel Ortega-Acosta ◽  
Francisco Palemón-Alberto ◽  
Yanet Romero Ramírez ◽  
Jeiry Toribio-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Bacterial Soft Rot ◽  
First Report ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals First Report of Soft Rot Disease of Papaya Caused by Klebsiella variicola in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Shahadat HOSSAIN ◽  
Abu Ashraf KHAN ◽  
Md. Mahbubur RAHMAN ◽  
Kazuhiro IIYAMA ◽  
Naruto FURUYA
Keyword(s):  
Soft Rot ◽  
First Report ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

First report of Dickeya fangzhongdai causing soft rot disease of Welsh onion in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-An Tsai ◽  
Pei-Rong Lin ◽  
Chien-Jui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Soft Rot ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
First Report ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals First Report of Pantoea sp. Induced Soft Rot Disease of Pleurotus eryngii in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Kim ◽  
J. S. Ryu ◽  
Y. H. Lee ◽  
H. D. Yun
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Pleurotus Eryngii ◽  
Rdna Sequence ◽  
Pantoea Ananatis ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
First Report ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

The king oyster mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, has become a popular crop because of its unique flavor and texture and is cultivated in many areas in Korea. In 2003, symptoms of water-soaked lesions and soft rot in the stipes and pileus of cultivated P. eryngii was observed in Jinju, Korea. Diseased tissue was plated on nutrient media. Dominate colonies were yellow, convex, circular with smooth margins, and had a shiny texture. Computer analysis of the data gathered, using the API kit (50CHE, bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France), showed that the strain belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae. Although the API system did not give an exact identification, the metabolic profile of the bacterial strain closely resembled the database profile of Pantoea sp. (positive for acid production from the fermentation of d-fructose, d-galactose, d-glucose, d-trehalose, and d-ribose and negative for oxidase, urease, pectate, and thiosulfate). The 16S rDNA sequence of the bacterium was determined (GenBank Accession No. AY530796). When compared with those in GenBank, the bacterium was determined to belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family of the Gammaproteobacteria, and the highest degree of sequence similarity was found to be with Pantoea ananatis strain BD 588 (97.4%) and Pantoea ananatis strain Pna 97-1 (97.3%). In the phylogenetic tree, the bacterium clearly related to the Pantoea lineage, as evidenced by the high bootstrap value. A BLAST search with 16S rDNA sequence of the bacterium supported the API results that the isolate belongs to a species of Pantoea. Pathogenicity tests of this new Pantoea isolate were carried out with bacterial suspensions (approximately 1 × 106 CFU/ml) that were grown for 24 h in Luria-Bertani broth cultures. These were used to inoculate directly on the mycelia of P. eryngii that had been cultivated for 35 days in a plastic bottle. The water and broth were also inoculated to another set of bottles as a control experiment. Inoculated bottles were incubated in a cultivation room at 16 to 17°C with relative humidity between 80 and 95%. Early symptoms of the disease included a dark brown water drop that developed on hypha and primordium of the mushrooms after 5 to 7 days. After 13 days, water-soaked lesions developed on the stipes and pileus, and the normal growth of the mushrooms was inhibited. An offensive odor then developed along with a severe soft rot that was similar to the disease symptoms observed under natural conditions. Mushrooms in control bottles did not develop symptoms. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by isolating bacteria from typical lesions from inoculated mushrooms that were identical to the inoculated strain in colony morphology and biochemical characteristics. Pantoea ananatis was first reported as a pathogen of pineapple fruit causing brown rot (3). Several bacterial diseases, such as brown blotch on cultivated mushrooms by Pseudomonas tolaasii (2) and bacterial soft rot on winter mushroom by Erwinia carotovora subsp. Carotovora, causing severe damage to mushrooms are known (1). However, no Pantoea sp. induced disease of edible mushroom has been previously reported. To our knowledge, this is the first report of soft rot disease on P. eryngii caused by Pantoea sp. References: (1) H. Okamoto et al. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 65:460. 1999. (2) S. G. Paine. Ann. Appl. Biol. 5:206. 1919. (3) F. B. Serrano. Philipp. J. Sci. 36:271, 1928.

scholarly journals First Report of Soft Rot Disease of Peach Caused by Pantoea ananatis in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Liao ◽  
R. Hei ◽  
Y. Tang ◽  
S. Liu ◽  
J. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Soft Rot ◽  
Pantoea Ananatis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals First Report of Soft Rot Disease on Pak Choi (Brassica chinensis) Caused by Dickeya dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae in Malaysia

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Golkhandan ◽  
S. Kamaruzaman ◽  
M. A. Zainalabidin ◽  
A. Nasehi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Rot ◽  
Dickeya Dadantii ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Brassica Chinensis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals First Report of Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Turkey

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Bastas ◽  
A. Karakaya
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
First Report ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
National University ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures

A new disease was observed during the spring and autumn of 2009 and 2010 on kiwifruit plants (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward) in Rize Province of Turkey. Disease incidence was estimated as 3% in approximately 10 ha. Symptoms were characterized by dark brown spots surrounded by yellow halos on leaves and cankers with reddish exudate production on twigs and stems. Eight representative bacterial strains were isolated from leaf spots and tissues under the bark on King's B medium (KB) and identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on the basis of biochemical, physiological (1,2), and PCR tests (3). Bacteria were gram negative, rod shaped, and nonfluorescent on KB; positive for levan production, sucrose and inositol utilization, and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley) hypersensitivity; and negative for growth at 37°C, oxidase, potato soft rot, arginine dihydrolase, urease, arbutin, erythritol, lactic acid, aesculin hydrolysis, gelatin liquefaction, and syringomycin production. Identity of the eight isolates was confirmed by PCR using P. syringae pv. actinidiae-specific primers PsaF1/R3 to generate a 280-bp DNA fragment (3). P. syringae pv. actinidiae reference strain NCPPB 3739, and CJW7 from Jae Sung Jung, Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Korea, were employed in all biochemical, physiological, and molecular tests as positive controls. Pathogenicity was confirmed by artificial inoculation of 2-year-old A. deliciosa cv. Hayward. A bacterial suspension (108 CFU ml–1) was injected into kiwifruit twig tips, stems, and leaves with a hypodermic syringe, and the inoculated plants were placed at 25 to 28°C and 80% relative humidity growth chamber for 3 weeks. First symptoms were observed on leaves within 5 days after inoculation and on twigs after 20 days. No symptoms were observed on control plants that were inoculated with sterile water. Reisolation was made from dark brown lesions surrounded by yellow halos on leaves and cankers on twigs and stem and their identities were confirmed using the techniques previously described. All tests were performed three times and pathogenicity tests employed three plants for each strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. syringae pv. actinidiae causing disease on kiwifruit in Turkey. Kiwifruit production in Turkey has expanded rapidly during the last 10 years ( http://www.tuik.gov.tr ) and phytosanitary measures are needed to prevent further spread of the bacterium to other kiwifruit orchards. References: (1) Y. J. Koh et al. N. Z. J. Crop Hortic. Sci. 38:4, 275, 2010. (2) R. A. Lelliott and D. E. Stead. Methods for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases of Plants. Blackwell Scientific, Sussex, UK, 1988. (3) J. Rees-George et al. Plant Pathol. 59:453, 2010.

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