First Report of Soybean Dwarf Virus Infecting Lentil and Beet Western Yellows Virus Infecting Lentil and Chickpea Crops in Ethiopia

A survey conducted during November 14–23, 1998, to identify viruses infecting chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and lentil (Lens culinaris) crops in the Shewa province of Ethiopia covered 33 chickpea and 32 lentil fields randomly selected. Identity of the viruses present and virus incidence were determined on the basis of laboratory testing of 100 to 200 randomly collected samples in addition to 15 to 20 symptomatic samples from each field. A total of 5,427 lentil and 3,836 chickpea samples were collected and tested for the presence of 12 different viruses by tissue blot immunoassay (1) at the Plant Pathology Laboratory in Debre Zeit Agriculture Research Center, Ethiopia. All antisera were virus specific, including those for beet western yellows virus (BWYV; ATCC PVAS-647) and soybean dwarf virus (SbDV; ATCC PVAS-650). More than 21% of the samples from 5 chickpea fields were infected; the most common virus was BWYV. Also, at least 21% of the samples from 11 lentil fields were virus positive; the most widespread virus was PSbMV. Highest rates of infection: of lentil in a single field, PSbMV in 58.5% of the samples; in a chickpea field, 41.3% of the samples positive for BWYV. Other viruses such as faba bean necrotic yellows nanovirus (FBNYV) and broad bean wilt fabavirus in chickpea and FBNYV, broad bean stain comovirus, bean yellow mosaic potyvirus, and cucumber mosaic cucumovirus in lentil were detected at very low incidence. Reference: (1) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994

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First Record of Faba bean necrotic yellows virus and Beet western yellows virus Infecting Faba Bean in Tunisia

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.9.1046a ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (9) ◽

pp. 1046-1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Asma Najar ◽

Khaled M. Makkouk ◽

Safaa G. Kumari

Keyword(s):

Faba Bean ◽

Broad Bean ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Leaf Roll ◽

First Record ◽

Beet Western Yellows Virus ◽

Random Samples ◽

Field Samples ◽

Vicia Faba L ◽

Tissue Blot Immunoassay

A survey was conducted in April 2000 to identify viruses infecting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in seven regions (Beja, Bizerte, Cap-bon, Jendouba, Kairouan, Siliana, and Zaghouan) of Tunisia. Around 4,000 random samples were collected from 34 fields (100 to 200 samples per field). Samples were tested by tissue-blot immunoassay procedure (2) at the Virology Laboratory of INRAT for the presence of 14 different viruses. All antisera used were specific, including those for Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) (1) and Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) (ATCC-PVAS-647). Broad bean mottle, a beetle-transmitted and seedborne virus, was the most abundant with an average incidence of 2.3%. The highest disease incidence occurred with BWYV, which was in 20 and FBNYV in 4 of 98 random samples from a field in the Siliana region; and with BWYV in 7 and BBMV in 21 of 120 samples from a field in the Jendouba region. Other viruses such as broad bean stain, cucumber mosaic, and bean leaf roll were detected rarely (<1%). This is the first record of FBNYV and BWYV infecting faba bean in Tunisia. BWYV was detected in 1.2% of the samples tested collected from 20 fields comprising all seven regions. FBNYV was detected in 0.9% of the samples tested collected from 13 fields comprising all except the Capbon region. References: (1) A. Franz et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 128:255, 1996. (2) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994.

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Distribution and Incidence of Some Aphid and Leafhopper Transmitted Viruses Infecting Sugar Beets in Iran

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-0252 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 252-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sh. Farzadfar ◽

R. Pourrahim ◽

A. R. Golnaraghi ◽

A. Ahoonmanesh

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽

Sugar Beets ◽

Beet Western Yellows Virus ◽

Beet Curly Top Virus ◽

Virus Incidence ◽

Beet Yellows Virus ◽

Commercial Sugar ◽

Tissue Blot Immunoassay

The main areas for field-grown sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) production in Iran were surveyed to study the occurrence and incidence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), Beet curly top virus (BCTV), Beet mosaic virus (BtMV), Beet western yellows virus (BWYV), Beet yellows virus (BYV), Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) during the growing season of 2001. A total of 5,292 random leaf samples in addition to 1,294 symptomatic leaves were collected from nine commercial sugar beet growing provinces of Iran and tested by tissue-blot immunoassay (TBIA). Serological diagnoses were confirmed by electron microscopy and host range studies. The highest virus incidence among the surveyed provinces was recorded in Qazvin, followed by Fars, Esfahan, Azarbayejan-e-gharbi, Khorasan, Kermanshah, Semnan, and Hamedan. According to the TBIA results, viruses in decreasing order of incidence in sugar beet were BCTV (27.9%), followed by BWYV (17.4%), CpCDV (12.5%), BYV (10.6%), BtMV (7.4%), TuMV (2.9%), AlMV (1.3%), and CMV (1.2%). Nearly 35% of sugar beets in Iran were infected by one or both of the two leafhopper-transmitted viruses (BCTV and CpCDV). Moreover, about 28% were infected by at least one of the six aphid-transmitted viruses (AlMV, BWYV, BtMV, BYV, CMV, and TuMV). Overall, one or more of the eight viruses assayed were detected in 45.5% of the plants surveyed. Several plants (35%) displaying virus-like symptoms did not react with the virus antisera used, suggesting that more viruses or virus-like agents are infecting sugar beets in Iran. In reference to the earlier reports, this is the first report of AlMV and TuMV in sugar beet fields of Iran. Also, this is the first detection of CpCDV as a pathogen of sugar beet.

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First record of Beet western yellows virus , Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus , Faba bean necrotic yellows virus and Soybean dwarf virus infecting chickpea and lentil crops in Iran

Plant Pathology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00700.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 387-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K. M. Makkouk ◽

Y. Fazlali ◽

S. G. Kumari ◽

S. Farzadfar

Keyword(s):

Faba Bean ◽

First Record ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Beet Western Yellows Virus ◽

Soybean Dwarf Virus

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A Survey of Viruses Affecting Faba Bean (Vicia faba) in Tunisia Includes First Record of Soybean dwarf virus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2003.87.9.1151b ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (9) ◽

pp. 1151-1151 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Asma Najar ◽

Safaa G. Kumari ◽

Khaled M. Makkouk ◽

Abderazzek Daaloul

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Vicia Faba ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Broad Bean ◽

Leaf Roll ◽

First Record ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Soybean Dwarf Virus

A survey was conducted in April 2003 to identify viruses infecting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in six regions (Beja, Bizerte, Cap-bon, Le Kef, Siliana, and Zaghouan) in Tunisia. A total of 292 faba bean samples with symptoms of viral infection (leaf rolling, yellowing, and mosaic) were collected. The samples were tested at the virology laboratory of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Syria, for 11 viruses using the tissue-blot immunoassay procedure (3). Specific rabbit polyclonal antisera were used to test for Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) (provided by H. J. Vetten, BBA, Braunschweig, Germany), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV), Broad bean stain virus (BBSV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Pea seedborne mosaic virus (PSbMV) (ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria). In addition, four specific monoclonal antibodies were used to detect Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV) (4B10) (2), Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) (ATCC PVAS-647; American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA), Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) (3-2E9) (1), and Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) (ATCC PVAS-650). Serological tests showed that BBMV, a beetle-transmitted and seedborne virus identified in 23.3% (68 samples) of the samples tested, was the most common. BLRV, FBNYV, BWYV, BYMV, SbDV, and PSbMV were detected in 56, 33, 31, 10, 5, and 1 sample(s) of 292 samples tested, respectively. AMV, BBSV, CMV, and CpCDV were not detected in any samples tested. In Tunisia, BLRV, BWYV, BYMV, FBNYV, and PSbMV have previously been reported in faba bean (4), but to our knowledge, this is the first record of SbDV affecting faba bean in Tunisia, where it was detected in two fields in the Cap-bon Region. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by western blots, extracts from SbDV-infected plants were observed to contain 23-kDa structural proteins, which reacted strongly with SbDV monoclonal antibodies. Transmission tests showed that the samples, which reacted with SbDV monoclonal antibodies, were transmitted to faba bean plants by the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) in a persistent manner. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SbDV naturally infecting faba bean in Tunisia and it could cause a serious problem to other leguminous crops grown in Tunisia, such as French bean and peas, which are hosts for the virus. References: (1) A. Franz and K. M. Makkouk Ann. Appl. Biol. 128:255, 1996. (2) L. Katul. Characterization by serology and molecular biology of bean leaf roll virus and faba bean necrotic yellows virus. PhD thesis. University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany, 1992. (3) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994. (4) A. Najar et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 39:423, 2000.

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