The diversity of Passalora fulva Isolates Collected from Tomato Plants in US high tunnels

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Sudermann ◽  
Lillian McGilp ◽  
Gregory Vogel ◽  
Melissa Regnier ◽  
Alejandraa Rodríguez Jaramillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Leaf Mold ◽  
Passalora Fulva ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Tomato Leaf Mold

High tunnels extend the growing season of high value crops, including tomatoes, but the environmental conditions within high tunnels favor the spread of the tomato leaf mold pathogen, Passalora fulva (syn. Cladosporium fulvum). Tomato leaf mold results in defoliation, and if severe, losses in yield. Despite substantial research, little is known regarding the genetic structure and diversity of populations of P. fulva associated with high tunnel tomato production in the United States. From 2016 to 2019, a total of 50 P. fulva isolates were collected from tomato leaf samples in high tunnels in the Northeast and Minnesota. Other Cladosporium species were also isolated from the leaf surfaces. Koch’s postulates were conducted to confirm that P. fulva was the cause of the disease symptoms observed. Race determination experiments revealed that the isolates belonged to either race 0 (six isolates) or race 2 (44 isolates). Polymorphisms were identified within four previously characterized effector genes Avr2, Avr4, Avr4e, and Avr9. The largest number of polymorphisms were observed for Avr2. Both mating type genes, MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1, were present in the isolate collection. For further insights into the pathogen diversity, the 50 isolates were genotyped at 7,514 single-nucleotide polymorphism loci using genotyping-by-sequencing: differentiation by region but not by year was observed. Within the collection of 50 isolates, there were 18 distinct genotypes. Information regarding P. fulva population diversity will enable better management recommendations for growers, as high tunnel production of tomatoes expands.

scholarly journals Detection of Passalora fulva, the pathogen of tomato leaf mold using PCR with specific primers

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (0) ◽  
pp. 91-93
Author(s):  
Hideki Watanabe ◽  
Yasunori Muramoto ◽  
Masatoshi Adachi ◽  
Motoyuki Yajima
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Leaf Mold ◽  
Passalora Fulva ◽  
Tomato Leaf Mold

scholarly journals High Tunnel and Grafting Effects on Organic Tomato Plant Disease Severity and Root-knot Nematode Infestation in a Subtropical Climate with Sandy Soils

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Craig J. Frey ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽  
Dustin M. Huff ◽  
Zachary E. Black
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
High Tunnels

The U.S. fresh-market tomato industry faces increasing competition from Mexico, which achieves greater productivity and quality due to the use of protected structures. Protected agriculture is limited in humid, subtropical regions of the United States. Although grower interest in high tunnel production has increased in recent years, systematic high tunnel research has not yet been conducted in subtropical Florida. Additionally, although tomato grafting has shown the potential to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses, research of high-tunnel, grafted tomato production in subtropical conditions is lacking. During this 2-year study (Citra, FL), a side-by-side comparison of open field and high tunnel organic tomato production was conducted using a split-split plot design. The most significant benefit of high tunnel production was season extension achieved through the reduction of foliar disease severity, which reduced the area under the disease progress curve by 64% across two seasons. This may be largely attributed to the pronounced reduction in the duration of leaf wetness during the wet months of the growing cycle. Grafting with ‘Multifort’ rootstock reduced the root-knot nematode soil population density by 88% as well as root galling severity, both of which demonstrated the potential for increased levels in the high tunnel production system compared with open field production. The more severe root-knot nematode infestation in high tunnels was likely due to the modification of soil temperatures, which were 2 °C greater during the early part of the season but were reduced after shadecloth application. Compared with the open field, solar radiation was reduced by 23% in the high tunnel before shadecloth application and by 51% after shadecloth application; however, due to the high radiation levels in subtropical Florida, daily light integral levels indicated that light was not limiting for high-quality tomato production. The average wind speed was reduced by 57% in the high tunnel and, together with the reduction in solar radiation, indicated the potential reduction in summer abiotic stress and evapotranspiration within high tunnels. These results revealed that the integrated use of high tunnel and grafting technologies may be important for enhancing fresh-market tomato production in the humid subtropics, especially in organic systems.

The first report on the occurrence race 9 of the tomato leaf mold pathogen Cladosporium fulvum (syn. Passalora fulva) in Cuba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bernal-Cabrera ◽  
Benedicto Martínez-Coca ◽  
Lidcay Herrera-Isla ◽  
Danay Ynfante-Martínez ◽  
Belkis Peteira-Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Mold ◽  
Passalora Fulva ◽  
Tomato Leaf Mold
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