POSSIBILITIES OF COMPLEX CONTROL OF PATHOGENS AND PEST ON TOMATO CROPS UNDER HIGH PLASTIC TUNNELS

The experiment was carried out in 2020, under high plastic tunnels conditions, using the tomato hybrid Prekos F1 and aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different combinations of fungicides with insecticides for complex control of pathogens Alternaria solani (early blight), Fulvia fulva (leaf mold) and pests Tuta absoluta (tomato leaf miner) and Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm). The experimental variants were: 1. Cabrio Top 0.2% + Coragen 0.0175%; 2. Cabrio Top 0.2% + Voliam Targo 0.08%; 3. Dagonis 0.1% + Coragen 0.0175%; 4. Dagonis 0.1% + Voliam Targo 0.08%; 5. Cidely Top 0.1% + Coragen 0.0175%; 6. Cidely Top 0.1% + Voliam Targo 0.08%; 7. Ortiva Top 0.1% + Coragen 0.0175%; 8. Ortiva Top 0.1% + Voliam Targo 0.08%; 9. Untreated control. Six foliar treatments were applied at 10- days intervals. The efficacy of these combinations of fungicides with insecticides was assessed according to the degree of attack (%) for Alternaria solani, Fulvia fulva and Tuta absoluta or according to the frequency of the attacked fruits (%) for Helicoverpa armigera and was between 85.0% and 90.7%. The highest yields were registered in variants 1 (Cabrio Top 0.2% + Coragen 0.0175% - 5,535 kg/m2), 3 (Dagonis 0.1% + Coragen 0.0175% - 5,440 kg/m2) and 2 (Cabrio Top 0.2% + Voliam Targo 0.08% - 5,362 kg/m2) as compared to 4,490 kg/m2 in the untreated control variant. The differences of yield, obtained in addition to the untreated control variant, were very significant in all cases.

Research Regarding the Simultaneous Control of the Pathogens on Tomatoes Crops under High Plastic Tunnels

In Romania the most important pathogens on tomatoes crops are Alternaria porri f.sp. solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fulvia fulva, Phytophthora infestans and Erysiphe sp. During period of vegetation, the attack of mentioned pathogens are frequently overlapping. For simultaneously control of pathogenswere used some combination with different active substances (chlorothalonil 500g/l, iprodione 500 g/l, fenhexamid 500 g/l, thiophanate methyl 500g/l, metiram 80%, dimethomorph 9%, mancozeb 60%, difenoconazole 250 g/l , fenamidone 75g/l, propamocarb HCL 375 g/l. The best results for controlling Alternaria porri f.sp. solani, Botrytis cinerea and Fulvia fulva are metiram 80% 0.2% + thiophanate methyl 500g/l 0.14% with 93.5% efficacy. In the untreated check the degree of attack was 78.6% (44.3% A.solani, 7.0% B.cinerea and 27.3% F. Fulva). For controlling Phytophthora infestans, Erysiphe sp. and Fulvia fulva (fenamidone 75g/l + propamocarb HCL 375 g/l)Â Â Â 0.2% +Â difenoconazole 250 g/l 0.05% with 94.5% efficacy. In the untreated check the degree of attack is 81.2% (38.4% P. infestans, 27.4% Erysiphe sp. , 15.4% F. fulva).

Ocorrência de doenças do tomateiro na região de Guanambi, BA

<p>As doenças do tomateiro são responsáveis por grandes prejuízos econômicos e a falta de conhecimento técnico no diagnóstico e controle dessas doenças onera os custos e limitam a sua produção. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento para identificação e registro de ocorrência de doenças do tomateiro na região de Guanambi, BA. O levantamento foi realizado nos Distritos de Morrinhos e Guirapá e nos Povoados de Brejos dos Padres e do Tanque. Para tanto, foram realizadas visitas nas áreas produtoras de tomate e para avaliação do histórico da área foi aplicado um questionário aos produtores. Amostras de plantas infectadas foram coletadas e levadas para análise no Laboratório de Fitopatologia do IFBaiano - Campus Guanambi ou enviadas para diagnóstico em Clinica Fitopatológica. Foram diagnosticadas nove doenças bióticas: vira cabeça do tomateiro (<em>Tomato spotted wilt virus</em>), oídio (<em>Oidium </em>sp.), murcha de fusário (<em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>), requeima (<em>Phytophthora infestans</em>), mofo preto (<em>Alternaria alternata</em>), mancha de estenfílio (<em>Stemphylium </em>sp.), mancha de cladospório (<em>Fulvia fulva</em>), pinta-preta (<em>Alternaria solani</em>) e murcha bacteriana (<em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em>); e três doenças abióticas (podridão apical, deficiência de fósforo e murcha por asfixia) nos cultivos de tomate. Dentre as doenças bióticas encontradas, o vira cabeça do tomateiro e o oídio foram as mais frequentes. </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Occurrence of diseases in tomato in the region of Guanambi, Bahia</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The tomato diseases are responsible for great economic losses and the lack of technical knowledge in the diagnosis and control of these diseases onerous costs and limit their production. This work aims to conduct a survey to identify and record of the tomato diseases occurrence in the Guanambi region, Bahia state. The survey was conducted in Morrinhos, Guirapá, Brejo dos Padres and Tanque Districts. Therefore, visits were made in tomato producing areas and for the evaluation of the area historic have been applied a questionnaire to farmers. Samples of infected plants were collected and sent for analysis at the Laboratory of Phytopathology, IFBaiano - <em>Campus</em> Guanambi or sent for diagnosis in Clinic Phytopathologic. Were diagnosed nine biotic diseases: Tospovirus (<em>Tomato spotted wilt virus</em>), powdery mildew (<em>Oidium </em>sp.<em>)</em>, Fusarium wilt (<em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>), late blight (<em>Phytophthora infestans</em>), black mold (<em>Alternaria alternata</em>), Stemphylium leaf blight (<em>Stemphylium </em>sp.), leaf mold (<em>Fulvia fulva</em>), blight (<em>Alternaria solani</em>) and bacterial wilt (<em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em>), and three abiotic diseases (blossom-end rot, phosphorus deficiency and withered by suffocation) in the tomato crops. Among the biotic diseases found, o <em>Tomato spotted wilt virus</em> and <em>Oidium </em>sp. were the most frequent.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>