Calcium in Potato Tuber Cell Walls in Relation to Tissue Maceration byErwinia carotovorapv.atroseptica

1986 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond G. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Tissue Maceration

Overexpression of two different potato UDP-Glc 4-epimerases can increase the galactose content of potato tuber cell walls

Plant Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J.F.J. Oomen ◽  
Bang Dao-Thi ◽  
Emmanouil N. Tzitzikas ◽  
Edwin J. Bakx ◽  
Henk A. Schols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Galactose Content

scholarly journals O-Acetylated Oligosaccharides from Pectins of Potato Tuber Cell Walls

1997 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1265-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Cell Walls

A chemical window into the impact of RNAi silencing of the StNAC103 gene in potato tuber periderms: Soluble metabolites, suberized cell walls, and antibacterial defense

2021 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 112885
Author(s):  
Keyvan Dastmalchi ◽  
Oseloka Chira ◽  
Mathiu Perez Rodriguez ◽  
Barney Yoo ◽  
Olga Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Rnai Silencing ◽  
The Impact

Calcium localization in Hypomyces-infected squash hypocotyls and effect of calcium on pectate lyase activity and tissue maceration

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Hancock ◽  
M. E. Stanghellini
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Pectate Lyase ◽  
Calcium Localization ◽  
Calcium Accumulation ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Tissue Maceration ◽  
Exogenous Supply

Pectate lyase from squash plants infected with Hypomyces solani f. sp. cucurbitae is dependent upon Ca for activity. As the Ca level is increased in reaction mixtures, the rate of degradation of pectate is increased. However, when the uronic acid/Ca ratio is [Formula: see text], enzymatic breakdown of pectate is inhibited. Pectate lyase activity is affected similarly when the pectate substrate is in a semisolid agar medium. Moreover, maceration of potato tissues is stimulated by a low exogenous supply of Ca but inhibited as the level is increased.Calcium is present in higher concentrations in lesions than adjacent healthy tissues, and autoradiography indicated that 45Ca accumulated in cell walls and middle lamellae in infected areas. However, calcium accumulation around lesions apparently does not greatly influence the rate of maceration by pectate lyase.

scholarly journals Immunocytological Analysis of Potato Tuber Periderm and Changes in Pectin and Extensin Epitopes Associated with Periderm Maturation

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 936-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Sabba ◽  
Edward C. Lulai
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Lateral Meristem ◽  
Tuber Periderm ◽  
Concurrent Development

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) periderm forms a barrier at the surface of the tuber that protects it from infection and dehydration. Immature periderm is susceptible to excoriation (skinning injury), which results in costly storage loses and market quality defects. The periderm consists of three different cell types: phellem (skin), phellogen (cork cambium), and phelloderm (parenchyma-like cells). The phellogen serves as a lateral meristem for the periderm and is characterized by thin radial walls that are labile to fracture while the periderm is immature and the phellogen is actively dividing, thus rendering the tuber susceptible to excoriation. As the periderm matures the phellogen becomes inactive, its cell walls thicken and become resistant to fracture, and thus the tuber becomes resistant to excoriation. Little is known about the changes in cell wall polymers that are associated with tuber periderm maturation and the concurrent development of resistance to excoriation. Various changes in pectins (galacturonans and rhamnogalacturonans) and extensin may be involved in this maturational process. The objectives of this research were to compare immunolabeling of homogalacturonan (HG) epitopes to labeling of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and extensin epitopes to better understand the depositional patterns of these polymers in periderm cell walls and their involvement in tuber periderm maturation. Immunolabeling with the monoclonal antibodies JIM5 and JIM7 (recognizing a broad range of esterified HG) confirmed that HG epitopes are lacking in phellogen walls of immature periderm, but increased greatly upon maturation of the periderm. Labeling of a (1,4)-β-galactan epitope found in RG-I and recognized by the monoclonal antibody LM5 was abundant in phelloderm cell walls, but sparse in most phellem cell walls. LM5 labeling was very sparse in the walls of meristematically active phellogen cells of immature periderm, but increased dramatically upon periderm maturation. Deposition of a (1,5)-α-l-arabinan epitope found in RG-I and recognized by LM6 was abundant in phelloderm and phellogen cell walls, but was sparse in phellem cell walls. LM6 labeling of phellogen walls did not change upon periderm maturation, indicating that different RG-1 epitopes are regulated independently during maturation of the periderm. Labeling with the monoclonal antibody LM1 for an extensin epitope implied that extensin is lacking in phellem cell walls, but is abundant in phelloderm cell walls. Phellogen cell walls did not label with LM1 in immature periderm, but were abundantly labeled with LM1 in mature periderm. These immunolabeling studies identify pectin and extensin depositions as likely biochemical processes involved in the thickening and related strengthening of phellogen walls upon inactivation of the phellogen layer as a lateral meristem and maturation of the periderm in potato tuber. These results provide unique and new insight into the identities of some of the biological processes that may be targeted in the development of new technologies to enhance resistance to tuber skinning injury for improved harvest, handling and storage properties.

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

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