Introduction. Most cases of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) result from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Little is known about its pathophysiology and treatment, and several neuroprotective drugs are used including beta-blockers. The aim of our study is to collate existing evidence of the role of beta-blockers in the treatment of PSH. Methods. We searched MEDLINE, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar, for keywords related to PSH and the role of beta-blockers in moderate-to-severe TBI on September 23, 2020. Two authors blindly screened the articles found with Rayyan. Both resolved their conflicts by mutual consent. If no solution was found, a third author was consulted. Simple descriptive data analysis was performed and the results were presented both in a narrative and tabular form. Results. Of the 19 items found, 10 met the criteria for inclusion. 50% were systematic reviews without meta-analysis, 40% were observational studies, and 10% were experimental studies. Propranolol was the main beta-blocker found in 80% of the studies and was the only molecule used in the treatment of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity in 40% of the included studies. Only two studies evaluated and showed a significant association between beta-blockers and mortality rate (5.1% vs. 10.8%;
P
=
0.03
), (3% vs. 15%;
P
=
0.002
), respectively. Conclusion. Propranolol is the beta-blocker that has been shown to be effective in reducing the length of stay and mortality rate in moderate-severe traumatic brain injury patients with PSH. However, further studies are needed to precisely define the terms and conditions of its use.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Effect of Beta-Blockers in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury