Work Site Smoking Cessation: A Meta- Analysis of Long-Term Quit Rates from Controlled Studies

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
K John Fisher ◽  
Russell E. Glasgow ◽  
James R. Terborg
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Work Site

Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise on Smoking Cessation in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-242
Author(s):  
Caroline Pereira Santos ◽  
Mahara Proença ◽  
Tamara dos Santos Gouveia ◽  
Crystian Bitencourt Soares de Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme Yassuki Tacao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuous Abstinence ◽  
Different Characteristics

Background: The specific benefits of aerobic exercises in smoking cessation are unclear, as they have different characteristics, intensities, and durations. The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise, with or without co-interventions, compared with a control group of cognitive behavior treatment on smoking cessation. Methods: This review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO, and the searches were performed from 2016 to 2018. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of aerobic exercise, with or without nicotine therapy replacement, compared with usual care were included. The primary outcome was smoking cessation defined as the prevalence of those who quit or continuous abstinence. Meta-analysis was calculated using random effects model in the comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results: The authors identified 18 trials reporting data for a total of 2815 participants. There was moderate-quality evidence that aerobic exercise was better than usual care in promoting smoking cessation at short term (11 trials, risk ratio 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–0.94). However, there were no differences between aerobic exercises and usual care at medium- or long-term follow-ups. Conclusions: According to review, aerobic exercise may be effective in promoting smoking cessation at short-term, but not at medium- and long-term follow-ups.

Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy for Smoking Cessation in Adolescent Smokers: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1473-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Kwon Myung ◽  
Joo-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Abstinence Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among adolescent smokers by using a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched from the inception to January 20, 2018. We included RCTs of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among adolescent smokers aged less than 20 years. Data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. The primary outcome measures were a smoking abstinence rate and its relative risk (RR) at the longest follow-up period in each study validated by biochemical markers. Results Among a total of 1035 articles searched, nine RCTs, which involved 1188 adolescent smokers aged 12–20 years with 627 in the intervention group and 561 in the control group, were included in the final analysis. In the random-effects meta-analysis of all the nine trials, pharmacotherapy showed a increased abstinence rate (RR = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08 to 2.44, I2 = 0.0%), compared with the control group. Subgroup meta-analyses by follow-up period showed an increased abstinence rate at 4 weeks (RR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.22 to 2.87; n = 4) and a nonsignificantly increased abstinence rate during the longer term follow-up periods at 8, 12, 24, and 52 weeks. Conclusions The current meta-analysis suggests that pharmacotherapy can be considered as an aid for smoking cessation in the short-term period among adolescent smokers. However, further large RCTs are warranted to determine its long-term efficacy and safety. Implications In this meta-analysis of nine RCTs with 1188 adolescent smokers aged 12–20 years, pharmacotherapy showed an increased abstinence rate, compared with the control group. In the subgroup meta-analyses by follow-up period, it showed the increased abstinence rate at 4 weeks and no efficacy on abstinence during the longer term follow-up periods up to 52 weeks. Further large RCTs are warranted to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in adolescent smokers.

Long-Term Effectiveness of Two Dutch Work Site Smoking Cessation Programs

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc C. Willemsen ◽  
Hein de Vries ◽  
Gerard van Breukelen ◽  
Ron Genders
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Work Site

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Craniopharyngiomas with Intraventricular Extension: Long-Term Outcomes and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Algattas ◽  
Pradeep Setty ◽  
Ezequiel Goldschmidt ◽  
Eric W. Wang ◽  
Elizabeth Tyler-Kabara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach ◽  
Endonasal Approach ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal

Mechanical thrombectomy in pediatric stroke: systematic review, individual patient data meta-analysis, and case series

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Bhatia ◽  
Hans Kortman ◽  
Christopher Blair ◽  
Geoffrey Parker ◽  
David Brunacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Outcomes

OBJECTIVEThe role of mechanical thrombectomy in pediatric acute ischemic stroke is uncertain, despite extensive evidence of benefit in adults. The existing literature consists of several recent small single-arm cohort studies, as well as multiple prior small case series and case reports. Published reports of pediatric cases have increased markedly since 2015, after the publication of the positive trials in adults. The recent AHA/ASA Scientific Statement on this issue was informed predominantly by pre-2015 case reports and identified several knowledge gaps, including how young a child may undergo thrombectomy. A repeat systematic review and meta-analysis is warranted to help guide therapeutic decisions and address gaps in knowledge.METHODSUsing PRISMA-IPD guidelines, the authors performed a systematic review of the literature from 1999 to April 2019 and individual patient data meta-analysis, with 2 independent reviewers. An additional series of 3 cases in adolescent males from one of the authors’ centers was also included. The primary outcomes were the rate of good long-term (mRS score 0–2 at final follow-up) and short-term (reduction in NIHSS score by ≥ 8 points or NIHSS score 0–1 at up to 24 hours post-thrombectomy) neurological outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in patients < 18 years of age. The secondary outcome was the rate of successful angiographic recanalization (mTICI score 2b/3).RESULTSThe authors’ review yielded 113 cases of mechanical thrombectomy in 110 pediatric patients. Although complete follow-up data are not available for all patients, 87 of 96 (90.6%) had good long-term neurological outcomes (mRS score 0–2), 55 of 79 (69.6%) had good short-term neurological outcomes, and 86 of 98 (87.8%) had successful angiographic recanalization (mTICI score 2b/3). Death occurred in 2 patients and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in 1 patient. Sixteen published thrombectomy cases were identified in children < 5 years of age.CONCLUSIONSMechanical thrombectomy may be considered for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (ICA terminus, M1, basilar artery) in patients aged 1–18 years (Level C evidence; Class IIb recommendation). The existing evidence base is likely affected by selection and publication bias. A prospective multinational registry is recommended as the next investigative step.

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