Toward the Development of a Universal Outcome Instrument for Spine Trauma

SummaryA 5-month-old, 13.5 kg, female Corriedale sheep was referred to the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, with a history of traumatic injury of the cervical spine followed by non-ambulatoric tetraparesis that occurred 2 weeks before being admitted to the hospital. At admission, malalignment of the cervical spine with the cranial part of the neck deviating to the right was noted. Neurological examinations identified the absence of postural reactions in both forelimbs, mildly decreased spinal reflexes, and normal reaction to pain perception tests. Radiography revealed malalignment of the cervical vertebrae with subluxations at C1–C2 and C2–C3, and a comminuted fracture of the caudal aspect of C2. The sheep was euthanized due to a presumed poor prognosis. Necropsy and histopathological findings confirmed injuries of the cervical spine from C1 to C3, which were consistent with the clinical finding of tetraparesis in this case. This paper presents a rare case of multiple subluxations of the cervical spine caused by blunt force trauma in a young sheep. These results highlight the importance of an astute clinical diagnosis for such an acute cervical spine trauma and the need for prompt surgical correction for similar cases in the future.

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Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Trauma: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

10.28962/01.3.117 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

F.C. Oner

Keyword(s):

Lumbar Spine ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Spine Trauma ◽

Thoracic And Lumbar Spine

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Development and validation of the Urticaria Control Test: a patient-reported outcome instrument for assessing urticaria control.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718276129.793514409 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Gordon Sussman

Keyword(s):

Patient Reported Outcome ◽

Control Test ◽

Outcome Instrument ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Development And Validation

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Preliminary Validation of the Severity of Nail Psoriasis Score (SNAPS) for the Assessment of Nail Psoriasis in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis

Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

10.1177/24755303211011483 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 247553032110114

Author(s):

Anna Antony ◽

Sadaf Saeed ◽

Darren Hart ◽

Preeti Nair ◽

Charlotte Cavill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severity Index ◽

Routine Care ◽

Measurement Properties ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Nail Dystrophy ◽

Psoriasis Area Severity Index ◽

Nail Psoriasis ◽

Outcome Instrument ◽

Preliminary Validation

Background: Psoriatic nail dystrophy is infrequently assessed in routine care and observational cohorts due to the lack of a feasible validated outcome measure. Objective: To assess the measurement properties of the “Severity of NAil Psoriasis Score” (SNAPS) in PsA. Methods: Nail photography was performed on prospectively recruited patients at baseline and 6 months. The modified Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (mNAPSI) and Physician Nail Visual Acuity Scale (PhNVAS) were comparator instruments for construct validity. Reliability and feasibility were assessed using intra-class correlations (ICCs) and timed scoring. Responsiveness was assessed by correlating the changes in SNAPS, mNAPSI and PhNVAS. Retrospective data from the Bath PsA database was further utilized to assess responsiveness. Results: 21 patients participated in the prospective validation at baseline. Inter- and intra-rater reliability of SNAPS were 0.94 and 0.93-0.96 (p ≤ 0.005). Mean times required to score SNAPS and mNAPSI were 59 and 136 seconds. There were strong correlations between SNAPS and mNAPSI (r = 0.95, p < 0.001) and PhNVAS (r = 0.77, p < 0.001) at baseline. There was a significant reduction in the mNAPSI and SNAPS (p < 0.005) at 6 months and a strong correlation between the change in SNAPS and mNAPSI (rho = 0.838, p < 0.001). Historical data from 57 patients commenced on Etanercept were evaluated. Mean SNAPS reduced from 3.6 to 2.0 at 3 months and 1.2 at 6 months (p < 0.05). Change in SNAPS correlated with changes in Psoriasis Area Severity Index and Dermatology Quality of Life at 3 and 6 months (r≥0.510; p ≤ 0.003). Conclusion: SNAPS is a feasible, reliable and responsive outcome instrument for psoriatic nail dystrophy.

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