Correlation Between Different Methods to Measure Microbial Translocation and Its Association With Immune Activation in Long-Term Suppressed HIV-1–Infected Individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Abad-Fernández ◽  
Alejandro Vallejo ◽  
Beatriz Hernández-Novoa ◽  
Laura Díaz ◽  
Carolina Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Alterations of the gut bacterial microbiota in rhesus macaques with SIV infection and on short- or long-term antiretroviral therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Summer Siddiqui ◽  
Duran Bao ◽  
Lara Doyle-Meyers ◽  
Jason Dufour ◽  
Yuntao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Siv Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Gut dysbiosis and microbial translocation are associated with chronic systemic immune activation and inflammation in HIV-1 infection. However, the extent of restoration of gut microbiota in HIV-1 patients with short or long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) is unclear. To understand the impact of ART on the gut microbiota, we used the rhesus macaque model of SIV infection to characterize and compare the gut microbial community upon SIV infection and during ART. We observed altered taxonomic compositions of gut microbiota communities upon SIV infection and at different time points of ART. SIV-infected animals showed decreased diversity of gut microbiome composition, while the ART group appeared to recover towards the diversity level of the healthy control. Animals undergoing ART for various lengths of time were observed to have differential gut bacterial abundance across different time points. In addition, increased blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels during SIV infection were reduced to near normal upon ART, indicating that microbial translocation and immune activation can be improved during therapy. In conclusion, while short ART may be related to transient increase of certain pathogenic bacterial microbiome, ART may promote microbiome diversity compromised by SIV infection, improve the gut microbiota towards the healthy compositions and alleviate immune activation.

scholarly journals Persistent high levels of immune activation and their correlation with the HIV-1 proviral DNA and 2-LTR circles loads, in a cohort of Mexican individuals following long-term and fully suppressive treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 184-192
Author(s):  
Aurelio Orta-Resendiz ◽  
Monica Viveros-Rogel ◽  
Luis L. Fuentes-Romero ◽  
Moises Vergara-Mendoza ◽  
Damaris P. Romero-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Microbial Translocation Is Linked to a Specific Immune Activation Profile in HIV-1-Infected Adults With Suppressed Viremia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehwish Younas ◽  
Christina Psomas ◽  
Christelle Reynes ◽  
Renaud Cezar ◽  
Lucy Kundura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Activation Profile ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Persistent Microbial Translocation and Immune Activation in HIV‐1–Infected South Africans Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edana Cassol ◽  
Susan Malfeld ◽  
Phetole Mahasha ◽  
Schalk van der Merwe ◽  
Sharon Cassol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Long-term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Increased Immune Activation in Patients With Chronic HIV-1 Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Serpa ◽  
Adriana M. Rueda ◽  
Anoma Somasunderam ◽  
Netanya S. Utay ◽  
Dorothy Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Short Communication: Immune Activation Is Present in HIV-1-Exposed Seronegative Individuals and Is Independent of Microbial Translocation

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Saulle ◽  
Mara Biasin ◽  
Federica Gnudi ◽  
Veronica Rainone ◽  
Salomè Valentina Ibba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Microbial Translocation and Immune Activation in HIV-1 Infected Pregnant Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Charles D. Mitchell ◽  
Sady Dominguez ◽  
Margaret Roach ◽  
Varghese George ◽  
Stefano Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Group A ◽  
Hiv Women ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Pregnancy Result

Background: Immune Activation (IA) has been previously documented in both pregnant (PG) and non-PG HIV-1 infected (HIV+) women as well as in HIV- uninfected PG women; the latter as a result of the fetal allograft. To determine whether the combined effects of HIV and pregnancy result in increased IA and whether IA is associated with Microbial Translocation (MT), we performed a prospective, longitudinal, controlled study during pregnancy and the postpartum (PP) period. Methods: HIV+ PG women had biomarkers of IA and MT tested at 12-20 weeks (T1), and 24-36 weeks (T2) of pregnancy and at 6-8 weeks Postpartum (T3). HIV+, non-PG women were tested at comparable time points. HIV- PG women were tested at T1 only. HIV+ women were not started on antiretroviral therapy (ART) until T1. Biomarkers of IA assessed included: CD4DR+, CD4CD38+, CD4DR+CD38+, CD8DR+, CD8CD38+, and CD8DR+CD38+. Biomarkers of MT included LPS, sCD14, and 16SrDNA. Results: 30 HIV+PG women, 18 HIV+ non-PG and 10 HIV-PG were enrolled. In the HIV+ women, there were no differences in median age, viral load, % or absolute CD4 at entry. Significant differences between T1 and T2 and between T1 and T3 were noted in CD8DR+CD38+ in HIV+PG women after ART. CD4DR+, CD4DR+CD38+, and CD8DR+ decreased post ART in HIV+PG women but a decline in IA was less evident in HIV+ non-PG. LPS decreased post ART by T3 in both HIV+PG and HIV+ non-PG groups; 16SrDNA was elevated at all time points in both groups when compared to control values, and declined post ART in the HIV+PG group. A subgroup of HIV-PG at T1 had IA and MT as evidenced by several IA markers and increased LPS. Conclusion: The degree of IA and MT was similar among HIV+PG and HIV+ non-PG women followed longitudinally. There was no incremental increase due to the combined effects of HIV and pregnancy. Several markers of IA and MT (LPS, 16SrDNA) decreased post ART. IA and MT occurred in a subgroup of HIV-PG women during the 1st trimester. Further study must be done to confirm whether MT consistently occurs in some healthy women during PG.

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