scholarly journals Vassiliev measures of complexity of open and closed curves in 3-space

2021 ◽  
Vol 477 (2254) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Panagiotou ◽  
Louis H. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Jones Polynomial ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Topological Invariant ◽  
Integral Formulation ◽  
Closed Curves ◽  
Vassiliev Invariants ◽  
Polygonal Curves ◽  
Gauss Code

In this article, we define Vassiliev measures of complexity for open curves in 3-space. These are related to the coefficients of the enhanced Jones polynomial of open curves in 3-space. These Vassiliev measures are continuous functions of the curve coordinates; as the ends of the curve tend to coincide, they converge to the corresponding Vassiliev invariants of the resulting knot. We focus on the second Vassiliev measure from the enhanced Jones polynomial for closed and open curves in 3-space. For closed curves, this second Vassiliev measure can be computed by a Gauss code diagram and it has an integral formulation, the double alternating self-linking integral. The double alternating self-linking integral is a topological invariant of closed curves and a continuous function of the curve coordinates for open curves in 3-space. For polygonal curves, the double alternating self-linking integral obtains a simpler expression in terms of geometric probabilities.

scholarly journals Knot polynomials of open and closed curves

2020 ◽  
Vol 476 (2240) ◽  
pp. 20200124
Author(s):  
Eleni Panagiotou ◽  
Louis H. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Jones Polynomial ◽  
Topological Invariant ◽  
Closed Curves ◽  
Finite Form ◽  
Polygonal Curves ◽  
Open Curve ◽  
Bracket Polynomial

In this manuscript, we introduce a method to measure entanglement of curves in 3-space that extends the notion of knot and link polynomials to open curves. We define the bracket polynomial of curves in 3-space and show that it has real coefficients and is a continuous function of the curve coordinates. This is used to define the Jones polynomial in a way that it is applicable to both open and closed curves in 3-space. For open curves, the Jones polynomial has real coefficients and it is a continuous function of the curve coordinates and as the endpoints of the curve tend to coincide, the Jones polynomial of the open curve tends to that of the resulting knot. For closed curves, it is a topological invariant, as the classical Jones polynomial. We show how these measures attain a simpler expression for polygonal curves and provide a finite form for their computation in the case of polygonal curves of 3 and 4 edges.

Degree and holomorphic extendibility

2013 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Darja Govekar Leban
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Finite Number ◽  
Bounded Domain ◽  
Pairwise Disjoint ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Closed Curves ◽  
Preceding Theorem ◽  
Holomorphic Extendibility ◽  
Class Of Functions

Recently it was shown that if D is a bounded domain in ℂ whose boundary consists of a finite number of pairwise disjoint simple closed curves, then a continuous function f on bD extends holomorphically through D if and only if, for each g ∈ A(D) such that f + g has no zero on bD, the degree of f + g is non-negative (which, for these special domains, is equivalent to the fact that the change of argument of f + g along bD is non-negative). Here A(D) is the algebra of all continuous functions on D which are holomorphic on D. This fails to hold for general domains, and generalizing to more general domains presents a major problem that often requires a much larger class of functions g. It is shown that the preceding theorem still holds in the case when D is a bounded domain in ℂ such that D is finitely connected and such that D is equal to the interior of D.

scholarly journals Single-valued conjugates and holomorphic extendibility

2006 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-350
Author(s):  
Josip Globevnik
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Bounded Domain ◽  
Complex Plane ◽  
Pairwise Disjoint ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Closed Curves ◽  
Harmonic Extension ◽  
Holomorphic Extendibility

Let D be a bounded domain in the complex plane whose boundary consists of m ≥ 2 pairwise disjoint simple closed curves and let A(bD) be the algebra of all continuous functions on bD which extend holomorphically through D. We show that a continuous function Φ on bD belongs to A(bD) if for each g ∈ A (bD) the harmonic extension of Re(gΦ) to D has a single-valued conjugate.

Almost Somewhat Near Continuity and Near Regularity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Zanyar A. Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
One To One ◽  
Nearly Continuous

AbstractThe notions of almost somewhat near continuity of functions and near regularity of spaces are introduced. Some properties of almost somewhat nearly continuous functions and their connections are studied. At the end, it is shown that a one-to-one almost somewhat nearly continuous function f from a space X onto a space Y is somewhat nearly continuous if and only if the range of f is nearly regular.

scholarly journals A note on weakly θ-continuous functions

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mrševic ◽  
I. L. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
New Class ◽  
Weakly Continuous ◽  
Class Of Functions

Recently a new class of functions between topological spaces, called weaklyθ-continuous functions, has been introduced and studied. In this paper we show how an appropriate change of topology on the domain of a weaklyθ-continuous function reduces it to a weakly continuous function. This paper examines some of the consequences of this result.

scholarly journals Semi-smooth Points in Some Classical Function Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Derȩgowska ◽  
Beata Gryszka ◽  
Karol Gryszka ◽  
Paweł Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Metric Space ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Compact Metric Space ◽  
Spaces Of Continuous Functions ◽  
Classical Function ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Vector Valued

AbstractThe investigations of the smooth points in the spaces of continuous function were started by Banach in 1932 considering function space $$\mathcal {C}(\Omega )$$ C ( Ω ) . Singer and Sundaresan extended the result of Banach to the space of vector valued continuous functions $$\mathcal {C}(\mathcal {T},E)$$ C ( T , E ) , where $$\mathcal {T}$$ T is a compact metric space. The aim of this paper is to present a description of semi-smooth points in spaces of continuous functions $$\mathcal {C}_0(\mathcal {T},E)$$ C 0 ( T , E ) (instead of smooth points). Moreover, we also find necessary and sufficient condition for semi-smoothness in the general case.

scholarly journals ‎INSERTION OF A CONTRA-CONTINUOUS FUNCTION BETWEEN TWO ‎‎COMPARABLE CONTRA-$\alpha-$CONTINUOUS (CONTRA-$C-$CONTINUOUS) FUNCTIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Majid Mirmiran ◽  
Binesh Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

‎A necessary and sufficient condition in terms of lower cut sets ‎are given for the insertion of a contra-continuous function ‎between two comparable real-valued functions on such topological ‎spaces that kernel of sets are open‎. 

scholarly journals On the PropertyN-1

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Stanisław Kowalczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Turowska
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Lebesgue Measure ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Approximate Derivative ◽  
Banach's Theorem ◽  
Full Lebesgue Measure

We construct a continuous functionf:[0,1]→Rsuch thatfpossessesN-1-property, butfdoes not have approximate derivative on a set of full Lebesgue measure. This shows that Banach’s Theorem concerning differentiability of continuous functions with Lusin’s property(N)does not hold forN-1-property. Some relevant properties are presented.

A Regular Space on Which Every Real-Valued Function with a Closed Graph is Constant

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Baggs
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Regular Space ◽  
Closed Graph

AbstractAn example is given of a regular space on which every real-valued function with a closed graph is constant. It was previously known that there are regular spaces on which every continuous function is constant. It is also shown here that there are regular spaces that support only constant real-valued continuous functions, but support non-constant real-valued functions with a closed graph.

Non-Extendability of Bounded Continuous Functions

1980 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-879
Author(s):  
Ronnie Levy
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Metric Space ◽  
Dense Subset ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Dense Subspace ◽  
Compact Metric Space ◽  
Bounded Continuous Function ◽  
Bounded Functions ◽  
Bounded Continuous Functions ◽  
Completely Metrizable

If X is a dense subspace of Y, much is known about the question of when every bounded continuous real-valued function on X extends to a continuous function on Y. Indeed, this is one of the central topics of [5]. In this paper we are interested in the opposite question: When are there continuous bounded real-valued functions on X which extend to no point of Y – X? (Of course, we cannot hope that every function on X fails to extend since the restrictions to X of continuous functions on Y extend to Y.) In this paper, we show that if Y is a compact metric space and if X is a dense subset of Y, then X admits a bounded continuous function which extends to no point of Y – X if and only if X is completely metrizable. We also show that for certain spaces Y and dense subsets X, the set of bounded functions on X which extend to a point of Y – X form a first category subset of C*(X).

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