classical function
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2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Derȩgowska ◽  
Beata Gryszka ◽  
Karol Gryszka ◽  
Paweł Wójcik

AbstractThe investigations of the smooth points in the spaces of continuous function were started by Banach in 1932 considering function space $$\mathcal {C}(\Omega )$$ C ( Ω ) . Singer and Sundaresan extended the result of Banach to the space of vector valued continuous functions $$\mathcal {C}(\mathcal {T},E)$$ C ( T , E ) , where $$\mathcal {T}$$ T is a compact metric space. The aim of this paper is to present a description of semi-smooth points in spaces of continuous functions $$\mathcal {C}_0(\mathcal {T},E)$$ C 0 ( T , E ) (instead of smooth points). Moreover, we also find necessary and sufficient condition for semi-smoothness in the general case.


Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-346
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jeffrey A. Sigman ◽  
Lisa A. Bruce ◽  
Adele J. Wolfson

Peptidases generate bioactive peptides that can regulate cell signaling and mediate intercellular communication. While the processing of peptide precursors is initiated intracellularly, some modifications by peptidases may be conducted extracellularly. Thimet oligopeptidase (TOP) is a peptidase that processes neuroendocrine peptides with roles in mood, metabolism, and immune responses, among other functions. TOP also hydrolyzes angiotensin I to angiotensin 1–7, which may be involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection. Although TOP is primarily cytosolic, it can also be associated with the cell plasma membrane or secreted to the extracellular space. Recent work indicates that membrane-associated TOP can be released with extracellular vesicles (EVs) to the extracellular space. Here we briefly summarize the enzyme’s classical function in extracellular processing of neuroendocrine peptides, as well as its more recently understood role in intracellular processing of various peptides that impact human diseases. Finally, we discuss new findings of EV-associated TOP in the extracellular space.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 026-032
Author(s):  
Fabrícia Belloni dos Santos Vieira ◽  
Ana Paula Morguete Ferreira ◽  
Felipe Rezende Giacomelli ◽  
Lívia Gonçalves de Lima ◽  
Thiago Santos Hirose ◽  
...  

AbstractVitamin D is a micronutrient essential to various systems from the human body, and it is not restricted to the classical function of bone mineralization. Its synthesis is mainly related to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation exposure. Although Brazil is a tropical country with high levels of UVB radiation, counter-intuitively, a large number of Brazilians present vitamin D deficiency, which is also a worldwide issue. This review aims to approach clinical features and explore potential causes for this apparent contradiction through questions that could explain vitamin D deficiency in the Brazilian population.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Zhao ◽  
Lixiong Ying ◽  
Rusha Wang ◽  
Jiping Yao ◽  
Liming Zhu ◽  
...  

Autophagy is a highly conserved process by which superfluous or harmful components in eukaryotic cells are degraded by autophagosomes. This cytoprotective mechanism is strongly related to various human diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and diabetes. DEAH-box helicase 15 (DHX15), a member of the DEAH box family, is mainly involved in RNA splicing and ribosome maturation. Recently, DHX15 was identified as a tumor-related factor. Although both autophagy and DHX15 are involved in cellular metabolism and cancer progression, their exact relationship and mechanism remain elusive. In this study, we discovered a non-classic function of DHX15 and identified DHX15 as a suppressive protein in autophagy for the first time. We further found that mTORC1 is involved in DHX15-mediated regulation of autophagy and that DHX15 inhibits proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by suppressing autophagy. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a non-classical function of DHX15 as a negative regulator of autophagy related to the mTORC1 pathway and reveals that DHX15-related autophagy dysfunction promotes HCC cell proliferation, indicating that DHX15 may be a target for liver cancer treatment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Abul-Ez ◽  
Mohra Zayed

Along with the theory of bases in function spaces, the existence of a basis is not always guaranteed. The class of power series spaces contains many classical function spaces, and it is of interest to look for a criterion for this class to ensure the existence of bases which can be expressed in an easier form than in the classical case given by Cannon or even by Newns. In this article, a functional analytical method is provided to determine a criterion for basis transforms in nuclear Fréchet spaces ((NF)-spaces), which is indeed a refinement and a generalization of those given in this concern through the theory of Whittaker on polynomial bases. The provided results are supported by illustrative examples. Then, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of bases in Silva spaces. Moreover, a nuclearity criterion is given for Silva spaces with bases. Subsequently, we show that the presented results refine and generalize the fundamental theory of Cannon-Whittaker on the effectiveness property in the sense of infinite matrices.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yulia Kuznetsova ◽  
Safoura Zadeh

Abstract Let G be a locally compact group and let $\omega $ be a continuous weight on G. In this paper, we first characterize bicontinuous biseparating algebra isomorphisms between weighted $L^p$ -algebras. As a result, we extend previous results of Edwards, Parrott, and Strichartz on algebra isomorphisms between $L^p$ -algebras to the setting of weighted $L^p$ -algebras. We then study the automorphisms of certain weighted $L^p$ -algebras on integers, applying known results on composition operators to classical function spaces.


Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica P Goney ◽  
Matthew C J Wilce ◽  
Jacqueline A Wilce ◽  
William A Stocker ◽  
Georgia M Goodchild ◽  
...  

Abstract Ovarian-derived inhibin A and inhibin B (heterodimers of common α- and differing β-subunits) are secreted throughout the menstrual cycle in a discordant pattern, with smaller follicles producing inhibin B, whereas the dominant follicle and corpus luteum produce inhibin A. The classical function for endocrine inhibins is to block signalling by activins (homodimers of β-subunits) in gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary and, thereby, inhibit the synthesis of FSH. Whether inhibin A and inhibin B have additional physiological functions is unknown, primarily because producing sufficient quantities of purified inhibins, in the absence of contaminating activins, for preclinical studies has proven extremely difficult. Here, we describe novel methodology to enhance inhibin A and inhibin B activity and to produce these ligands free of contaminating activins. Using computational modeling and targeted mutagenesis, we identified a point mutation in the activin β A-subunit, A347H, which completely disrupted activin dimerization and activity. Importantly, this β A-subunit mutation had minimal effect on inhibin A bioactivity. Mutation of the corresponding residue in the inhibin β B-subunit, G329E, similarly disrupted activin B synthesis/activity without affecting inhibin B production. Subsequently, we enhanced inhibin A potency by modifying the binding site for its co-receptor, betaglycan. Introducing a point mutation into the α-subunit (S344I) increased inhibin A potency ~12-fold. This study has identified a means to eliminate activin A/B interference during inhibin A/B production, and has facilitated the generation of potent inhibin A and inhibin B agonists for physiological exploration.


Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Arne Meier

In this paper, we study the relationship of parameterized enumeration complexity classes defined by Creignou et al. (MFCS 2013). Specifically, we introduce two hierarchies (IncFPTa and CapIncFPTa) of enumeration complexity classes for incremental fpt-time in terms of exponent slices and show how they interleave. Furthermore, we define several parameterized function classes and, in particular, introduce the parameterized counterpart of the class of nondeterministic multivalued functions with values that are polynomially verifiable and guaranteed to exist, TFNP, known from Megiddo and Papadimitriou (TCS 1991). We show that this class TF(para-NP), the restriction of the function variant of NP to total functions, collapsing to F(FPT), the function variant of FPT, is equivalent to the result that OutputFPT coincides with IncFPT. In addition, these collapses are shown to be equivalent to TFNP = FP, and also equivalent to P equals NP intersected with coNP. Finally, we show that these two collapses are equivalent to the collapse of IncP and OutputP in the classical setting. These results are the first direct connections of collapses in parameterized enumeration complexity to collapses in classical enumeration complexity, parameterized function complexity, classical function complexity, and computational complexity theory.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. R331-R349 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Cioni ◽  
W Zwart ◽  
A M Bergman

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is vital for the normal development of the prostate and is critically involved in prostate cancer (PCa). AR is not only found in epithelial prostate cells but is also expressed in various cells in the PCa-associated stroma, which constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the TME, AR is expressed in fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils. AR expression in the TME was shown to be decreased in higher-grade and metastatic PCa, suggesting that stromal AR plays a protective role against PCa progression. With that, the functionality of AR in stromal cells appears to deviate from the receptor’s classical function as described in PCa cells. However, the biological action of AR in these cells and its effect on cancer progression remains to be fully understood. Here, we systematically review the pathological, genomic and biological literature on AR actions in various subsets of prostate stromal cells and aim to better understand the consequences of AR signaling in the TME in relation to PCa development and progression.


Atlanti ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-230
Author(s):  
Azem Kožar

Transition is a complex and time-consuming process through which developing countries, including successor states of the former Yugoslavia, are going. It covers all spheres of human activity, and thus, without exception, also archival activity. It is taking place quite slowly, but with many similarities and differences in individual successor states, including Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. Basically, the archive network is incomplete, archival legislation is insufficient and non-synchronized, material and personnel basis is inadequate and information-technological transformation is insufficient. In the context of the ongoing globalization processes, the new nformation technologies condition, inter alia, a new paradigm of archival activity as a whole, as well as in the field of the education of archival workers at the creators and in the archives. Instead of the classical function, the informational function of archival activities is gaining the significance, the protagonists and carriers of which must be information specialists, which in turn requires the change of the existing educational paradigm. Among other things, there must be changes in the field, which concern the educational involvement of archival workers who work with the records of special and private archives, which is increasing, but has not been the case so far, since all attention has been given to the public archival records. The purpose of the paper is to show some of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the past and the current education in the field of Archives and records management in countries in transition with the aim of improving the state of the spirit of current globalization, integration and science-information beliefs and movements, which requires the creation of a new educational paradigms.


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