scholarly journals Quantifying blood flow dynamics during cardiac development: demystifying computational methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1759) ◽  
pp. 20170330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Courchaine ◽  
Sandra Rugonyi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Congenital Heart Malformations ◽  
Blood Flow Dynamics ◽  
Altered Blood

Blood flow conditions (haemodynamics) are crucial for proper cardiovascular development. Indeed, blood flow induces biomechanical adaptations and mechanotransduction signalling that influence cardiovascular growth and development during embryonic stages and beyond. Altered blood flow conditions are a hallmark of congenital heart disease, and disrupted blood flow at early embryonic stages is known to lead to congenital heart malformations. In spite of this, many of the mechanisms by which blood flow mechanics affect cardiovascular development remain unknown. This is due in part to the challenges involved in quantifying blood flow dynamics and the forces exerted by blood flow on developing cardiovascular tissues. Recent technologies, however, have allowed precise measurement of blood flow parameters and cardiovascular geometry even at early embryonic stages. Combined with computational fluid dynamics techniques, it is possible to quantify haemodynamic parameters and their changes over development, which is a crucial step in the quest for understanding the role of mechanical cues on heart and vascular formation. This study summarizes some fundamental aspects of modelling blood flow dynamics, with a focus on three-dimensional modelling techniques, and discusses relevant studies that are revealing the details of blood flow and their influence on cardiovascular development. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Mechanics of development’.

Modeling the Effect of Hemodynamics on Cardiac Growth During Embryonic Development

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Rugonyi ◽  
Kent Thornburg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Cardiac Cell ◽  
Cardiac Growth ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
The Us ◽  
Blood Flow Dynamics ◽  
Key Aspects

Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects about 1% of newborn babies in the US, and is the leading cause of non-infectious death in children. Abnormal blood flow dynamics during early development can lead to CHD. Although the effect of hemodynamic conditions on cardiac development — even under normal conditions — has been widely accepted, the mechanisms by which blood flow influences cardiac cell responses are only starting to emerge. Mathematical models of cardiac growth could then help elucidate key aspects of cardiac development.

Dynamic Behaviour of a Dacron Aortic Graft

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Tubaldi ◽  
Giovanni Ferrari ◽  
Prabakaran Balasubramanian ◽  
Marco Amabili
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Vascular Reconstruction ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Aortic Graft ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Implant Complications ◽  
Blood Flow Dynamics ◽  
Acute Dissection

Abstract Woven Dacron grafts are still considered the clinical standard practice in thoracic vascular reconstruction in the case of aortic aneurysm and acute dissection. Despite its characteristics of biocompatibility and durability, very little is known about the dynamic response of Dacron grafts and about their side effects on the heart workload and cardiovascular system. In this study, physiological blood flow conditions are imposed in a Dacron graft via a specifically-developed mock circulatory loop. The effects of different physiological pulsation-per-minute rates are investigated. Since the Dacron prosthesis is extremely stiffer circumferentially and compliant axially with respect to an aortic segment of the same length, bending oscillations are preferred by the graft. This leads to a very significant different dynamic behavior with respect to the replaced human aortic portion altering cardiovascular pressure and blood flow dynamics and eventually causing long-term implant complications.

scholarly journals Nephron blood flow dynamics measured by laser speckle contrast imaging

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (2) ◽  
pp. F319-F329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels-Henrik Holstein-Rathlou ◽  
Olga V. Sosnovtseva ◽  
Alexey N. Pavlov ◽  
William A. Cupples ◽  
Charlotte Mehlin Sorensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Tubuloglomerular Feedback ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging ◽  
Speckle Contrast ◽  
Blood Flow Dynamics

Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) has an important role in autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Because of the characteristics of signal transmission in the feedback loop, the TGF undergoes self-sustained oscillations in single-nephron blood flow, GFR, and tubular pressure and flow. Nephrons interact by exchanging electrical signals conducted electrotonically through cells of the vascular wall, leading to synchronization of the TGF-mediated oscillations. Experimental studies of these interactions have been limited to observations on two or at most three nephrons simultaneously. The interacting nephron fields are likely to be more extensive. We have turned to laser speckle contrast imaging to measure the blood flow dynamics of 50–100 nephrons simultaneously on the renal surface of anesthetized rats. We report the application of this method and describe analytic techniques for extracting the desired data and for examining them for evidence of nephron synchronization. Synchronized TGF oscillations were detected in pairs or triplets of nephrons. The amplitude and the frequency of the oscillations changed with time, as did the patterns of synchronization. Synchronization may take place among nephrons not immediately adjacent on the surface of the kidney.

Muscle Blood-Flow Dynamics at Exercise Onset

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1811-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL E. TSCHAKOVSKY ◽  
NATASHA R. SAUNDERS ◽  
KATHERINE A. WEBB ◽  
DENIS E. O'DONNELL
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Exercise Onset ◽  
Blood Flow Dynamics
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