scholarly journals Induction of a protective response in swine vaccinated with DNA encoding foot-and-mouth disease virus empty capsid proteins and the 3D RNA polymerase

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1713-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Cedillo-Barrón ◽  
Mildred Foster-Cuevas ◽  
Graham J. Belsham ◽  
François Lefèvre ◽  
R. Michael E. Parkhouse

This work focuses on the development of a potential recombinant DNA vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Such a vaccine would have significant advantages over the conventional inactivated virus vaccine, in particular having none of the risks associated with the high security requirements for working with live virus. The principal aim of this strategy was to stimulate an antibody response to native, neutralizing epitopes of empty FMDV capsids generated in vivo. Thus, a plasmid (pcDNA3.1/P1–2A3C3D) was constructed containing FMDV cDNA sequences encoding the viral structural protein precursor P1–2A and the non-structural proteins 3C and 3D. The 3C protein was included to ensure cleavage of the P1–2A precursor to VP0, VP1 and VP3, the components of self-assembling empty capsids. The non-structural protein 3D was also included in the construct in order to provide additional stimulation of CD4+ T cells. When swine were immunized with this plasmid, antibodies to FMDV and the 3D polymerase were synthesized. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies were detected and, after three sequential vaccinations with DNA, some of the animals were protected against challenge with live virus. Additional experiments suggested that the antibody response to FMDV proteins was improved by the co-administration of a plasmid encoding porcine granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Although still not as effective as the conventional virus vaccine, the results encourage further work towards the development of a DNA vaccine against FMDV.

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (52) ◽  
pp. 7929-7935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Chen ◽  
Xiaoming Yu ◽  
Qisheng Zheng ◽  
Liting Hou ◽  
Luping Du ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumendu Chakravarti ◽  
Caroline Wright ◽  
Emma Howes ◽  
Richard Kock ◽  
Terry Jackson ◽  
...  

The picornavirus foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is responsible for one of the most significant diseases of livestock, leading to large economic losses due to reduced productivity and trade embargoes for areas not certified as disease-free. The picornavirus non-structural protein 3A is involved in replication of the viral RNA genome and is implicated in host tropism of several picornaviruses. Deletions in the C-terminus of 3A have been observed in FMDV outbreaks specific for swine and such viruses are non-pathogenic in cattle. The mechanism for species specific attenuation of FMDV is unknown. We have shown that FMDV containing a C-terminal deletion in 3A is attenuated in bovine cell culture and that the attenuated phenotype can be reversed by the JAK1/2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib (Rux), identifying a role for the induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in the restricted bovine tropism of the 3A-deleted virus.


Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Sean Yeo ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Martin Nyachoti ◽  
Rolf Rauh ◽  
Johnny D. Callahan ◽  
...  

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious agent that impacts livestock industries worldwide, leading to significant financial loss. Its impact can be avoided or minimized if the virus is detected early. FMDV detection relies on vesicular fluid, epithelial tags, swabs, serum, and other sample types from live animals. These samples might not always be available, necessitating the use of alternative sample types. Meat juice (MJ), collected after freeze-thaw cycles of skeletal muscle, is a potential sample type for FMDV detection, especially when meat is illegally imported. We have performed experiments to evaluate the suitability of MJ for FMDV detection. MJ was collected from pigs that were experimentally infected with FMDV. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from MJ, sera, oral swabs, and lymph nodes from the same animals and tested for FMDV by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). MJ was also tested for FMDV antigen by Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFI). FMDV RNA was detected in MJ by rRT-PCR starting at one day post infection (DPI) and as late as 21 DPI. In contrast, FMDV RNA was detected in sera at 1–7 DPI. Antigen was also detected in MJ at 1–9 DPI by LFI. Live virus was not isolated directly from MJ, but was recovered from the viral genome by transfection into susceptible cells. The data show that MJ is a good sample type for FMDV detection.


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