scholarly journals Inter-species transmission of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) to rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss)

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna A. Schönherz ◽  
Niels Lorenzen ◽  
Katja Einer-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ◽  
Turbot Scophthalmus Maximus

Successful viral infection is a complex mechanism, involving many host–pathogen interactions that developed during coevolution of host and pathogen, and often result in host-species specificity. Nevertheless, many viruses are able to infect several host species and sporadically cross species barriers. The viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), a rhabdovirus with high economic impact on the aquaculture industry, has developed an exceptionally wide host range across marine and freshwater environments. Transmission of VHSV between host species therefore represents a potential risk for aquaculture, which currently is not addressed in biosecurity managements. The objective of this study was to investigate the inter-species transmission potential of VHSV and evaluate whether infected marine wild fish pose a potential risk on marine cultured rainbow trout. A cohabitation infection trial with turbot as donor and rainbow trout as recipient host species was conducted. Turbot were intraperitoneally injected with either a marine-adapted (MA) or a trout-adapted (TA) VHSV isolate and subsequently grouped with naïve rainbow trout. Both VHSV isolates were able to replicate and cause mortality in turbot, while only the TA isolate was able to cross the species barrier and infect rainbow trout with fatal outcome. The results demonstrate that a marine fish species can function as reservoir and transmitter of TA VHSV isolates.

scholarly journals The Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) Markers of Virulence in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laury Baillon ◽  
Emilie Mérour ◽  
Joëlle Cabon ◽  
Lénaïg Louboutin ◽  
Estelle Vigouroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

scholarly journals Survey of Transcript Expression in Rainbow Trout Leukocytes Reveals a Major Contribution of Interferon-Responsive Genes in the Early Response to a Rhabdovirus Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (16) ◽  
pp. 8040-8049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline O'Farrell ◽  
Nikta Vaghefi ◽  
Monique Cantonnet ◽  
Bénédicte Buteau ◽  
Pierre Boudinot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid Binding ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Induced Genes

ABSTRACT Virus infections induce changes in the expression of host cell genes. A global knowledge of these modifications should help to better understand the virus/host cell interactions. To obtain a more comprehensive view of the rainbow trout response to a viral infection, we used the subtractive suppressive hybridization methodology in the viral hemorrhagic septicemia model of infection. We infected rainbow trout leukocytes with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), and total RNA from infected and mock-infected cells was compared at 40 h postinfection. Twenty-four virus-induced genes were ultimately retrieved from the subtracted cDNA library, and their differential expression was further confirmed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot analysis. Among these sequences, three were already described as VHSV-induced genes. Eight sequences with known homologs were extended to full-length cDNA using 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and they were subsequently divided into three functional subsets. Four genes were homologous to mammalian interferon responsive genes, three were similar to chemo-attractant molecules (CXC chemokine, galectin), and two had nucleic acid binding domains. All of the virus-induced genes were also induced by rainbow trout interferon, indicating that the interferon pathway is the predominant component of the anti-VHSV response. They were also expressed in vivo in experimentally infected fish, indicating their biological relevance in natural infection.

Use of Synthetic Diets and Biochemical Criteria in the Assessment of Nutrient Requirements of Fish

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Cowey
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Carbon Acids ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Turbot Scophthalmus Maximus

Dietary allowances of nutrients have been formulated mainly from growth–response curves. The use of other criteria, especially those which exploit the biochemical role of nutrients, is discussed by reference to three different nutrients, namely thiamin, magnesium, and essential fatty acids.It is shown that erythrocyte transketolase activity provides a nutritional index of thiamin status in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). The enzyme is saturated with coenzyme (thiamin pyrophosphate) at a dietary thiamin level of 2.6 mg/kg.Assessment of mineral requirements is shown to present special problems because complex interrelationships exist between some dietary minerals. It is shown that dietary magnesium deficiency (4 mg magnesium/100 g diet) leads to renal calcification in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) at dietary calcium levels of 2.7 g/100 g (Ca: P ratio 1: 1). Elevation of dietary magnesium to 100 mg/100 g under these conditions gave freedom from pathology and enhanced growth.Ratios of certain fatty acids in the tissue phospholipids of rainbow trout are known to provide a useful index of essential fatty acid status. These ratios cannot be applied to turbot as this species does not chain elongate and desaturate 18-carbon acids at appreciable rates. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω3 series must be supplied preformed in the diet of turbot.

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