scholarly journals Vicarious trial-and-error is enhanced during deliberation in human virtual navigation in a translational neuroeconomic task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thach Huynh ◽  
Keanan Alstatt ◽  
Samantha Abram ◽  
Neil Schmitzer-Torbert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Sunk Costs ◽  
Variable Delay ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Virtual Navigation ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Vicarious Trial And Error ◽  
The Impact

AbstractForaging tasks can provide valuable insights into decision-making, as animals choose how to allocate limited resources (such as time). In the “Restaurant Row” task, rodents move between several sites to obtain food rewards available after a variable delay, while in a translational version (the “Web-Surf”) lacking the navigation component, humans are offered short videos. Both tasks have provided novel insights into decision-making and have been applied to addiction vulnerability and the impact of drug exposure on decision-making. We tested new tasks (the “Movie Row” and “Candy Row”) which use virtual navigation to determine if the behavioral correlates of human decision-making are more broadly similar to those of rodents, and explored the relationship of task performance to smoking and obesity. Humans navigated a virtual maze presented on standard computers to obtain rewards (either short videos or candy) available after a variable delay. Behavior on the tasks replicated previous results for the Restaurant Row and Web-Surf. In conditions promoting deliberation, decision latency was elevated along with measures of vicarious trial-and-error (VTE), supporting VTE as a shared behavioral index of deliberation across species. Smoking status was not well-related to performance, while high BMI (> 25) individuals showed reduced sensitivity to a sunk-costs measure and stronger sensitivity to offer value for offers below the preferred delay. These data support the Movie and Candy Row as translational tools to study decision-making during foraging in humans, providing convergent results with a rodent navigation task and demonstrating the potential to provide novel insights relevant to public health.

scholarly journals Vicarious Trial-and-Error Is Enhanced During Deliberation in Human Virtual Navigation in a Translational Foraging Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thach Huynh ◽  
Keanan Alstatt ◽  
Samantha V. Abram ◽  
Neil Schmitzer-Torbert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Sunk Costs ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Vicarious Trial And Error ◽  
Foraging Task ◽  
Delay Decision

Foraging tasks provide valuable insights into decision-making as animals decide how to allocate limited resources (such as time). In rodents, vicarious trial-and-error (back and forth movements), or VTE, is an important behavioral measure of deliberation which is enhanced early in learning and when animals are presented with difficult decisions. Using new translational versions of a rodent foraging task (the “Movie Row” and “Candy Row”), humans navigated a virtual maze presented on standard computers to obtain rewards (either short videos or candy) offered after a variable delay. Decision latencies were longer when participants were presented with difficult offers, overrode their preferences, and when they accepted an offer after rejecting a previous offer. In these situations, humans showed VTE-like behavior, where they were more likely to pause and/or reorient one or more times before making a decision. Behavior on these tasks replicated previous results from the rodent foraging task (“Restaurant Row”) and a human version lacking a navigation component (“Web-Surf”) and revealed some species differences. Compared to survey measures of delay-discounting, willingness to wait for rewards in the foraging task was not related to willingness to wait for hypothetical rewards. And, smoking status (use of cigarettes or e-cigarettes) was associated with stronger discounting of hypothetical future rewards, but was not well-related to performance on the foraging tasks. In contrast, individuals with overweight or obese BMI (≥25) did not show stronger delay-discounting, but individuals with BMI ≥ 25, and especially females, showed reduced sensitivity to sunk-costs (where their decisions were less sensitive to irrecoverable investments of effort) and less deliberation when presented with difficult offers. These data indicate that VTE is a behavioral index of deliberation in humans, and further support the Movie and Candy Row as translational tools to study decision-making in humans with the potential to provide novel insights about decision-making that are relevant to public health.

scholarly journals Intraparietal stimulation disrupts negative distractor effects in human multi-alternative decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Kohl ◽  
Michelle Wong ◽  
Jing Jun Wong ◽  
Matthew Rushworth ◽  
Bolton Chau
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Decision Space ◽  
Binary Decision ◽  
Distractor Effect ◽  
Divisive Normalization ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alternative Decision ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract There has been debate about whether addition of an irrelevant distractor option to an otherwise binary decision influences which of the two choices is taken. We show that disparate views on this question are reconciled if distractors exert two opposing but not mutually exclusive effects. Each effect predominates in a different part of decision space: 1) a positive distractor effect predicts high-value distractors improve decision-making; 2) a negative distractor effect, of the type associated with divisive normalisation models, entails decreased accuracy with increased distractor values. Here, we demonstrate both distractor effects coexist in human decision making but in different parts of a decision space defined by the choice values. We show disruption of the medial intraparietal area (MIP) by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) increases positive distractor effects at the expense of negative distractor effects. Furthermore, individuals with larger MIP volumes are also less susceptible to the disruption induced by TMS. These findings also demonstrate a causal link between MIP and the impact of distractors on decision-making via divisive normalization.

Stress drives deliberative tendencies by influencing vicarious trial and error in decision making

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 107276
Author(s):  
Seiichiro Amemiya ◽  
Maina Ishida ◽  
Natsuko Kubota ◽  
Takeshi Nishijima ◽  
Ichiro Kita
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Vicarious Trial And Error

Uncertainty Forecasts Improve Decision Making Among Nonexperts

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limor Nadav-Greenberg ◽  
Susan L. Joslyn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Weather Uncertainty ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
The One ◽  
Normative Models ◽  
Uncertainty Information ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of weather uncertainty information on decision making in naturalistic settings. Traditional research often reveals deficits in human decision making under uncertainty as compared with normative models of rational choice. However, little research has addressed the question of whether people in naturalistic settings make better decisions when they have uncertainty information as compared with when they have only a deterministic forecast. Two studies investigated the effect of several types of weather uncertainty information on the quality of decisions to protect roads against icing and on temperature predictions and compared them with a control condition that provided deterministic forecast only. Experiment 1 was a Web-based questionnaire that included a single trial. Experiment 2, conducted in lab, included 120 trials and provided outcome feedback and a reward based on performance. Both studies indicated enhanced performance with uncertainty information. The best kind of uncertainty information tested here was the one that provided the probability at the threshold for the task at hand. We conclude that uncertainty information can be used advantageously, even when it does not result in perfectly rational performance, and that uncertainty can be communicated effectively to nonexpert end users, resulting in improved decision making.

scholarly journals Reconciling agile frameworks with IT sourcing through an IT sourcing dimensions map and structured decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Amiri ◽  
Sietse Overbeek ◽  
Gerard Wagenaar ◽  
Christoph Johann Stettina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Relational Governance ◽  
Structured Decision Making ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhile there is a plethora of literature on IT Sourcing (ITS) strategy, little is known about the impact of large-scale agile frameworks on these strategies. Empirical evidence suggests that application of agile frameworks has an impact on governance and processes in large organisations including ITS strategies. Yet, the effects of such frameworks remain unrevealed. This research investigates the impact of agile frameworks on ITS decisions and the way organisations configure their ITS strategies. The research first studies literature to realise that there is a lack of empirical research on ITS strategies in organisations that use agile frameworks. Then, through a systematic literature review, ten different dimensions of ITS are identified and used as the required construct for a multiple-case study at six Netherlands-based organisations. The results reveal that four dimensions, namely sourcing model, location, pricing model, and relational governance are mostly affected by agile frameworks. Furthermore, after more than three years of utilising agile frameworks, case organisations still have not discovered a proper optimum point for these dimensions. The results also uncover that organisations are not fully aware of the impact of agile transformation on the process of ITS decision-making. This process may remain intact for years, resulting in continuous experimentation and trial and error of ITS strategies. We conclude that organisations should recognise the effects of agile frameworks to make ITS decisions accordingly. Additionally, adhering to a more rational and structured decision-making process helps organisations to more efficiently find proper optimum points for the dimensions of ITS strategy.

scholarly journals The Influence of Cognitive Biases in Production Planning and Control: Considering the Human Factor for the Design of Decision Support Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Bendul ◽  
Melanie Zahner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Production Planning ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Production Planning And Control ◽  
Due Date ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Production planning and control (PPC) requires human decision-making in several process steps like production program planning, production data management, and performance measurement. Thereby, human decisions are often biased leading to an aggravation of logistic performance. Exemplary, the lead time syndrome (LTS) shows this connection. While production planners aim to improve due date reliability by updating planned lead times, the result is actually a decreasing due date reliability. In current research in the field of production logistics, the impact of cognitive biases on the decision-making process in production planning and control remains at a silent place. We aim to close this research gap by combining a systematic literature review on behavioral operation management and cognitive biases with a case study from the steel industry to show the influence of cognitive biases on human decision-making in production planning and the impact on logistic performance. The result is the definition of guidelines considering human behavior for the design of decision support systems to improve logistic performance.

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