scholarly journals The Development of Cognitive Control in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Longitudinal fMRI study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bram Gooskens ◽  
Dienke J. Bos ◽  
Jilly Naaijen ◽  
Sophie E.A. Akkermans ◽  
Anna Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Children With Asd

AbstractRepetitive behavior is a core symptom of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and has been associated with impairments in cognitive control. However, it is unclear how cognitive control and associated neural circuitry relate to the development of repetitive behavior in children with these disorders. In a multicenter, longitudinal study (TACTICS; Translational Adolescent and Childhood Therapeutic Interventions in Compulsive Syndromes), the development of cognitive control was assessed during late childhood using a longitudinal fMRI design with a modified stop-signal task in children with ASD or OCD, and typically developing (TD) children (baseline: N=122 (8-12y), follow-up: N=72 (10-14y), average interval: 1.2y). Stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) decreased over development, regardless of diagnosis. Repetitive behavior in children with ASD and OCD was not associated with performance on the stop-signal task. There were no whole-brain between-group differences in brain activity, but ROI-analyses showed increases in activity in right precentral gyrus over development for children with OCD. In sum, even though subtle differences were observed in the development of brain activity in children with OCD, the findings overall suggest that the development of cognitive control, as assessed by the stop signal task, is similar in children with and without ASD or OCD.

scholarly journals Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Response Inhibition: Meta-analysis of the Stop-Signal Task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall Mar ◽  
Parker Townes ◽  
Petros Pechlivanoglou ◽  
Paul Arnold ◽  
Russell James Schachar
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Stop Signal Reaction Time

This systematic review and meta-analysis updates evidence pertaining to deficient response inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as measured by the stop-signal task (SST). We conducted a meta-analysis of the literature to compare response inhibition in patients with OCD and healthy controls, meta-regressions to determine relative influences of age and sex on response inhibition impairment, and a risk of bias assessment for included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), which estimates the latency of the stopping process deficit, was significantly longer in OCD samples than in controls, reflecting inferior inhibitory control (Raw mean difference = 23.43ms; p = <0.001; 95% CI = [17.42, 29.45]). We did not observe differences in mean reaction time (MRT) in OCD compared to controls (Raw mean difference = 2.51ms; p = 0.755; 95% CI = [-13.27, 18.30]). Age impacted effect size of SSRT, indicating a greater deficit in older patients than younger ones. We did not observe a significant effect of sex on SSRT or MRT scores.

scholarly journals Stop Signal Reaction Time Deficits in a Lifetime Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 785-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C.R. McLaughlin ◽  
Jason Kirschner ◽  
Hallee Foster ◽  
Chloe O’Connell ◽  
Steven A. Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Stop Signal Reaction Time

AbstractObjectives: Several studies have found impaired response inhibition, measured by a stop-signal task (SST), in individuals who are currently symptomatic for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of this study was to assess stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) performance in individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of OCD, in comparison to a healthy control group. This is the first study that has examined OCD in participants along a continuum of OCD severity, including approximately half of whom had sub-syndromal symptoms at the time of assessment. Methods: OCD participants were recruited primarily from within the OCD clinic at a psychiatric hospital, as well as from the community. Healthy controls were recruited from the community. We used the stop signal task to examine the difference between 21 OCD participants (mean age, 42.95 years) and 40 healthy controls (mean age, 35.13 years). We also investigated the relationship between SST and measures of OCD, depression, and anxiety severity. Results: OCD participants were significantly slower than healthy controls with regard to mean SSRT. Contrary to our prediction, there was no correlation between SSRT and current levels of OCD, anxiety, and depression severity. Conclusions: Results support prior studies showing impaired response inhibition in OCD, and extend the findings to a sample of patients with lifetime OCD who were not all currently above threshold for diagnosis. These findings indicate that response inhibition deficits may be a biomarker of OCD, regardless of current severity levels. (JINS, 2016, 22, 785–789)

scholarly journals The Role of Response Inhibition in Medicated and Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients: Evidence from the Stop-Signal Task

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyal Kalanthroff ◽  
Tobias Teichert ◽  
Michael G. Wheaton ◽  
Marcia B. Kimeldorf ◽  
Omer Linkovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder
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