scholarly journals Rapid toxin sequestration modifies poison frog physiology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. O’Connell ◽  
Jeremy D. O’Connell ◽  
Joao A. Paulo ◽  
Sunia A. Trauger ◽  
Steven P. Gygi ◽  
...  

AbstractPoison frogs sequester chemical defenses from their diet of leaf litter arthropods for defense against predation. Little is known about the physiological adaptations that confer this unusual bioaccumulation ability. We conducted an alkaloid-feeding experiment with the Diablito poison frog (Oophaga sylvatica) to determine how quickly alkaloids are accumulated and how toxins modify frog physiology using quantitative proteomics. Diablito frogs rapidly accumulated the alkaloid decahydroquinoline within four days, and dietary alkaloid exposure altered protein abundance in the intestines, liver, and skin. Many proteins that increased in abundance with decahydroquinoline accumulation are plasma glycoproteins, including the complement system and the toxin-binding protein saxiphilin. Other protein classes that change in abundance with decahydroquinoline accumulation are membrane proteins involved in small molecule transport and metabolism. Overall, this work shows poison frogs can rapidly accumulate alkaloids, which alter carrier protein abundance, initiate an immune response, and alter small molecule transport and metabolism dynamics across tissues.Summary StatementPoison frogs rapidly accumulate toxins, which changes abundance of proteins involved in the immune system and small molecule binding and metabolism across tissues.

2021 ◽  
pp. jeb.230342
Author(s):  
Lauren A. O'Connell ◽  
Jeremy D. O'Connell ◽  
Joao A. Paulo ◽  
Sunia A. Trauger ◽  
Steven P. Gygi ◽  
...  

Poison frogs sequester chemical defenses from their diet of leaf litter arthropods for defense against predation. Little is known about the physiological adaptations that confer this unusual bioaccumulation ability. We conducted an alkaloid-feeding experiment with the Diablito poison frog (Oophaga sylvatica) to determine how quickly alkaloids are accumulated and how toxins modify frog physiology using quantitative proteomics. Diablito frogs rapidly accumulated the alkaloid decahydroquinoline within four days, and dietary alkaloid exposure altered protein abundance in the intestines, liver, and skin. Many proteins that increased in abundance with decahydroquinoline accumulation are plasma glycoproteins, including the complement system and the toxin-binding protein saxiphilin. Other protein classes that change in abundance with decahydroquinoline accumulation are membrane proteins involved in small molecule transport and metabolism. Overall, this work shows poison frogs can rapidly accumulate alkaloids, which alter carrier protein abundance, initiate an immune response, and alter small molecule transport and metabolism dynamics across tissues.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie N. Caty ◽  
Aurora Alvarez-Buylla ◽  
Gary D. Byrd ◽  
Charles Vidoudez ◽  
Alexandre B. Roland ◽  
...  

AbstractPoison frogs sequester small molecule lipophilic alkaloids from their diet of leaf litter arthropods for use as chemical defenses against predation. Although the dietary acquisition of chemical defenses in poison frogs is well-documented, the physiological mechanisms of alkaloid sequestration has not been investigated. Here, we used RNA sequencing and proteomics to determine how alkaloids impact mRNA or protein abundance in the Little Devil Frog (Oophaga sylvatica) and compared wild caught chemically defended frogs to laboratory frogs raised on an alkaloid-free diet. To understand how poison frogs move alkaloids from their diet to their skin granular glands, we focused on measuring gene expression in the intestines, skin, and liver. Across these tissues, we found many differentially expressed transcripts involved in small molecule transport and metabolism, as well as sodium channels and other ion pumps. We then used proteomic approaches to quantify plasma proteins, where we found several protein abundance differences between wild and laboratory frogs, including the amphibian neurotoxin binding protein saxiphilin. Finally, because many blood proteins are synthesized in the liver, we used thermal proteome profiling as an untargeted screen for soluble proteins that bind the alkaloid decahydroquinoline. Using this approach, we identified several candidate proteins that interact with this alkaloid, including saxiphilin. These transcript and protein abundance patterns suggest the presence of alkaloids influences frog physiology and that small molecule transport proteins may be involved in toxin bioaccumulation in dendrobatid poison frogs.ResumenLas ranas venenosas obtienen moléculas lipofílicas a partir de su dieta de artrópodos que luego usan como una defensa química contra depredadores. Mientras que la acumulación de toxinas dietéticas ha sido bien documentada, el mecanismo fisiológico de obtención de alcaloides no ha sido investigado. En este estudio usamos secuenciación de RNA y proteómica para determinar cómo la presencia de alcaloides afecta la abundancia de mRNA y proteínas en ranas diablito (Oophaga sylvatica) silvestres con defensas químicas en comparación a ranas diablito criadas en laboratorio con una dieta sin alcaloides. Para entender cómo las ranas venenosas mueven los alcaloides de su dieta a las glándulas granulares en su piel, nos enfocamos en medir la expresión de genes en tres tejidos: intestinos, piel e hígado. En estos tejidos, encontramos varios transcriptomas regulados diferencialmente que tienen actividades involucradas con el transporte y metabolismo de pequeñas moléculas, además de canales de sodio y bombas de iones. Luego usamos métodos proteómicos para cuantificar proteínas en plasma, donde encontramos varias diferencias en abundancia de proteínas entre las ranas silvestres y de laboratorio, incluyendo la proteína anfibia de fijación de toxinas, saxifilina. Finalmente, debido a que muchas proteínas encontradas en la sangre se sintetizan en el hígado, usamos la técnica de perfilación proteómica termal para seleccionar imparcialmente las proteínas solubles que fijan el alcaloide decahydroquinolina. Usando este método, identificamos varias posibles proteínas que interactúan con este alcaloide, incluyendo saxifilina. Estos patrones de cambios en abundancia de transcriptomas y proteínas en ranas con y sin defensas químicas sugieren que la presencia de alcaloides influye en la fisiología de las ranas y que moléculas proteicas pequeñas de transporte podrían estar involucradas en la bioacumulación de toxinas en ranas venenosas dendrobátidos.Summary StatementChemically defended wild poison frogs have gene expression and protein abundance differences across several tissue systems compared to poison frogs reared on an alkaloid-free diet.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (41) ◽  
pp. 23818-23829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaine M. Carter ◽  
Laura Keller ◽  
Matthias Wessling ◽  
Daniel J. Miller

The dependence of small molecule transport on the water content of ion exchange materials frustrates the development of membranes with both high ionic conductivity and low alcohol permeability for artificial photosynthesis devices.


2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 219a
Author(s):  
Esin B. Sözer ◽  
C. Florencia Pocetti ◽  
Zachary A. Levine ◽  
P. Thomas Vernier

2021 ◽  
Vol 153 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayal Abderemane-Ali ◽  
Nathan D. Rossen ◽  
Megan E. Kobiela ◽  
Robert A. Craig ◽  
Catherine E. Garrison ◽  
...  

Many poisonous organisms carry small-molecule toxins that alter voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV) function. Among these, batrachotoxin (BTX) from Pitohui poison birds and Phyllobates poison frogs stands out because of its lethality and unusual effects on NaV function. How these toxin-bearing organisms avoid autointoxication remains poorly understood. In poison frogs, a NaV DIVS6 pore-forming helix N-to-T mutation has been proposed as the BTX resistance mechanism. Here, we show that this variant is absent from Pitohui and poison frog NaVs, incurs a strong cost compromising channel function, and fails to produce BTX-resistant channels in poison frog NaVs. We also show that captivity-raised poison frogs are resistant to two NaV-directed toxins, BTX and saxitoxin (STX), even though they bear NaVs sensitive to both. Moreover, we demonstrate that the amphibian STX “toxin sponge” protein saxiphilin is able to protect and rescue NaVs from block by STX. Taken together, our data contradict the hypothesis that BTX autoresistance is rooted in the DIVS6 N→T mutation, challenge the idea that ion channel mutations are a primary driver of toxin resistance, and suggest the possibility that toxin sequestration mechanisms may be key for protecting poisonous species from the action of small-molecule toxins.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1572-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth G Ashinsky ◽  
Edward D Bonnevie ◽  
Sai A Mandalapu ◽  
Stephen Pickup ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Zhang ◽  
Nan Zheng ◽  
Peng Zou ◽  
Huaning Zhu ◽  
Juan P. Hinestroza ◽  
...  

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