scholarly journals Two neuronal peptides encoded from a single transcript regulate mitochondrial function in Drosophila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. Bosch ◽  
Berrak Ugur ◽  
Israel Pichardo-Casas ◽  
Jorden Rabasco ◽  
Felipe Escobedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Single Transcript ◽  
Sequence Similarities ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Small Open Reading Frames

SummaryNaturally produced peptides (<100 amino acids) are important regulators of physiology, development, and metabolism. Recent studies have predicted that thousands of peptides may be translated from transcripts containing small open reading frames (smORFs). Here, we describe two previously uncharacterized peptides in Drosophila encoded by conserved smORFs, Sloth1 and Sloth2. These peptides are translated from the same bicistronic transcript and share sequence similarities, suggesting that they encode paralogs. We provide evidence that Sloth1/2 are highly expressed in neurons, localize to mitochondria, and form a complex. Double mutant analysis in animals and cell culture revealed that sloth1 and sloth2 are not functionally redundant, and their loss causes animal lethality, reduced neuronal function, impaired mitochondrial function, and neurodegeneration. These results suggest that phenotypic analysis of smORF genes in Drosophila can provide a wealth of information on the biological functions of this poorly characterized class of genes.

scholarly journals Hundreds of putatively functional small open reading frames in Drosophila

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. R118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ladoukakis ◽  
Vini Pereira ◽  
Emile G Magny ◽  
Adam Eyre-Walker ◽  
Juan Couso
Keyword(s):  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Small Open Reading Frames

Computational discovery of small open reading frames in Bacillus lehensis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhafizhoh Zainuddin ◽  
Rosli Md. Illias ◽  
Nor Muhammad Mahadi ◽  
Mohd Firdaus-Raih
Keyword(s):  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Computational Discovery ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Small Open Reading Frames

scholarly journals Membrane-Bound, 2-Keto-d-Gluconate-Yielding d-Gluconate Dehydrogenase from “Gluconobacter dioxyacetonicus” IFO 3271: Molecular Properties and Gene Disruption

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (20) ◽  
pp. 6551-6556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohide Toyama ◽  
Naoko Furuya ◽  
Ittipon Saichana ◽  
Yoshitaka Ano ◽  
Osao Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT Most Gluconobacter species produce and accumulate 2-keto-d-gluconate (2KGA) and 5KGA simultaneously from d-glucose via GA in culture medium. 2KGA is produced by membrane-bound flavin adenine dinucleotide-containing GA 2-dehydrogenase (FAD-GADH). FAD-GADH was purified from “Gluconobacter dioxyacetonicus” IFO 3271, and N-terminal sequences of the three subunits were analyzed. PCR primers were designed from the N-terminal sequences, and part of the FAD-GADH genes was cloned as a PCR product. Using this PCR product, gene fragments containing whole FAD-GADH genes were obtained, and finally the nucleotide sequence of 9,696 bp was determined. The cloned sequence had three open reading frames (ORFs), gndS, gndL, and gndC, corresponding to small, large, and cytochrome c subunits of FAD-GADH, respectively. Seven other ORFs were also found, one of which showed identity to glucono-δ-lactonase, which might be involved directly in 2KGA production. Three mutant strains defective in either gndL or sldA (the gene responsible for 5KGA production) or both were constructed. Ferricyanide-reductase activity with GA in the membrane fraction of the gndL-defective strain decreased by about 60% of that of the wild-type strain, while in the sldA-defective strain, activity with GA did not decrease and activities with glycerol, d-arabitol, and d-sorbitol disappeared. Unexpectedly, the strain defective in both gndL and sldA (double mutant) still showed activity with GA. Moreover, 2KGA production was still observed in gndL and double mutant strains. 5KGA production was not observed at all in sldA and double mutant strains. Thus, it seems that “G. dioxyacetonicus” IFO 3271 has another membrane-bound enzyme that reacts with GA, producing 2KGA.

scholarly journals The product of the H19 gene may function as an RNA.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
C I Brannan ◽  
E C Dees ◽  
R S Ingram ◽  
S M Tilghman
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Translation Termination ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Translational Machinery ◽  
H19 Gene ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Small Open Reading Frames

The mouse H19 gene was identified as an abundant hepatic fetal-specific mRNA under the transcriptional control of a trans-acting locus termed raf. The protein this gene encoded was not apparent from an analysis of its nucleotide sequence, since the mRNA contained multiple translation termination signals in all three reading frames. As a means of assessing which of the 35 small open reading frames might be important to the function of the gene, the human H19 gene was cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the two homologs revealed no conserved open reading frame. Cellular fractionation showed that H19 RNA is cytoplasmic but not associated with the translational machinery. Instead, it is located in a particle with a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 28S. Despite the fact that it is transcribed by RNA polymerase II and is spliced and polyadenylated, we suggest that the H19 RNA is not a classical mRNA. Instead, the product of this unusual gene may be an RNA molecule.

scholarly journals Small Open Reading Frames, Non-Coding RNAs and Repetitive Elements in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0165429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Hahn ◽  
Olga V. Tsoy ◽  
Sebastian Thalmann ◽  
Jelena Čuklina ◽  
Mikhail S. Gelfand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Repetitive Elements ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Small Open Reading Frames

scholarly journals Accurate Annotation of Protein‐coding Small Open Reading Frames in the Human Genome

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Martinez ◽  
Qian Chu ◽  
Cynthia Donaldson ◽  
Dan Tan ◽  
Maxim N. Shokhirev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Small Open Reading Frames
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