scholarly journals Is there a genetic correlation between movement and immobility in field populations of a beetle?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentarou Matsumura ◽  
Takahisa Miyatake
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Death Feigning ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Selection Experiments ◽  
Behavioural Correlations

AbstractGenetic correlations among behavioural traits are often controlled by pleiotropic genes. Many studies suggest the existence of genetic correlations among behavioural traits based on artificial selection experiments in the laboratory. However, few studies have examined whether behavioural correlations in the laboratory are maintained in the field, where natural selection works. Artificial selection experiments showed a behavioural correlation among death feigning, walking movement, and locomotor activity in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). This study investigated whether this behavioural correlation is observed in wild T. castaneum populations. We also collected beetles from various regions in Japan and investigated the geographic variation in these traits. There was geographic variation in the three behavioural traits. However, these behavioural traits were not correlated. The results suggest that the genetic correlations among behavioural traits are not maintained in the field. Therefore, the results derived from laboratory experiments may be overestimated. The same correlation between traits was not believed to arise in the field, as the indoor results may have been caused by unrealistic selection pressures. Further laboratory and field investigations are both needed.

scholarly journals Responses to relaxed and reverse selection in strains artificially selected for duration of death-feigning behavior in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentarou Matsumura ◽  
Takahisa Miyatake
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Death Feigning ◽  
Selection Experiments ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Predator Behavior

Abstract Divergent lines selected artificially for many generations make it possible to answer two questions: (1) whether genetic variation still exists within the selected population; and (2) whether the selection itself is costly for the selected strain. In previous studies, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum was divergently selected artificially for duration of death-feigning, and strains selected for longer (L-strain) and shorter (S-strain) durations of death-feigning have been established (Miyatake et al. 2004, 2008). Because the selection experiments have been conducted for more than 27 generations, genetic variation may be eroded. Furthermore, because another previous study reported physiological costs to L-strains, the L-strains selected artificially for longer duration of death-feigning may have suffered more costs than the S-strains. In the present study, therefore, we relaxed the selection pressure after the 27th or 30th generation of S- and L-strains. We also carried out reverse selection during the most recent eight generations of S- and L-strains. The results showed that each strain clearly responded to relaxation of selection and reverse selection, suggesting that (1) additive genetic variation still existed in both strains after long-term selection, and (2) selection for shorter and longer duration of death-feigning was costly. These results suggest that anti-predator behavior is controlled by many loci, and longer or shorter duration of death-feigning is costly in a laboratory without predators.

Environmental impacts of aquifer thermal energy storage investigated by field and laboratory experiments

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs Bonte ◽  
Boris M. Van Breukelen ◽  
Pieter J. Stuyfzand
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Field Investigations

Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) uses groundwater to store energy for heating or cooling purposes in the built environment. This paper presents field and laboratory results aiming to elucidate the effects that ATES operation may have on chemical groundwater quality. Field data from an ATES site in the south of the Netherlands show that ATES results in chemical quality perturbations due to homogenisation of the initially present vertical water quality gradient. We tested this hypothesis by numerical modelling of groundwater flow and coupled SO4 transport during extraction and injection of groundwater by the ATES system. The modelling results confirm that extracting groundwater from an aquifer with a natural quality stratification, mixing this water in the ATES system, and subsequent injection in the second ATES well can adequately describe the observation data. This mixing effect masks any potential temperature effects in typical low temperature ATES systems (<25 °C) which was the reason to complement the field investigations with laboratory experiments focusing on temperature effects. The laboratory experiments indicated that temperature effects until 25 °C are limited; most interestingly was an increase in arsenic concentration. At 60 °C, carbonate precipitation, mobilisation of dissolved oxygen concentration, K and Li, and desorption of trace metals like As can occur.

scholarly journals A SIMULATION STUDY OF TRUNCATION SELECTION FOR A QUANTITATIVE TRAIT OPPOSED BY NATURAL SELECTION

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-1000
Author(s):  
Francis Minvielle
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Frequency Selection ◽  
Selection Experiments ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selective Process

ABSTRACT A quantitative character controlled at one locus with two alleles was submitted to artificial (mass) selection and to three modes of opposing natural selection (directional selection, overdominance and underdominance) in a large random-mating population. The selection response and the limits of the selective process were studied by deterministic simulation. The lifetime of the process was generally between 20 and 100 generations and did not appear to depend on the mode of natural selection. However, depending on the values of the parameters (initial gene frequency, selection intensity, ratio of the effect of the gene to the environmental standard deviation, fitness values) the following outcomes of selection were observed: fixation of the allele favored by artificial selection, stable nontrivial equilibrium, unstable equilibrium and loss of the allele favored by artificial selection. Finally, the results of the simulation were compared to the results of selection experiments.

Influence of Temperature on Prespinning Eonymphs of the Swaine Jack-Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Midd. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1450-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Pilon ◽  
H. A. Tripp ◽  
J. M. McLeod ◽  
S. L. Ilnitzky
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Prime Factor ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Time Required

AbstractLaboratory experiments at various constant temperatures indicate a theoretical threshold of about 40°F. for spinning of cocoons by eonymphal larvae of Neodiprion swainei Midd. As temperatures fall below 52.5°F. the increase in mortality and time required to spin is pronounced. The optimum temperature is estimated to be around 60°F. Field investigations for three consecutive years show a close correlation between rate of spinning and temperature. Temperature is considered as a prime factor influencing the spinning of cocoons and is possibly one of the more important factors governing the population dynamics of N. swainei in the Province of Quebec.

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