scholarly journals GUN1-independent retrograde signaling targets the ethylene pathway to repress photomorphogenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. M. Gommers ◽  
María Águila Ruiz-Sola ◽  
Alba Ayats ◽  
Lara Pereira ◽  
Marta Pujol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Developmental Responses ◽  
Retrograde Signal ◽  
Nuclear Targets

AbstractWhen germinating in the light, Arabidopsis seedlings undergo photomorphogenic development, characterized by short hypocotyls, greening and expanded cotyledons. Stressed chloroplasts emit retrograde signals to the nucleus that induce developmental responses and repress photomorphogenesis. The nuclear targets of these retrograde signals are not yet fully known. Here, we show that lincomycin-treated seedlings (which lack developed chloroplasts) show strong phenotypic similarities to seedlings treated with ethylene (ET) precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), as both signals inhibit cotyledon separation in the light. We show that the lincomycin-induced phenotype partly requires a functioning ET signaling pathway, but could not detect increased ET emissions in response to lincomycin treatment. The two treatments show overlap in up-regulated gene transcripts, downstream of transcription factors ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) and EIN3-LIKE1 (EIL1). The induction of the ethylene signaling pathway is triggered by an unknown retrograde signal acting independently of GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 (GUN1). Our data show how two apparently different stress responses converge to optimize photomorphogenesis.One Sentence SummaryChloroplast retrograde signaling targets the ethylene-regulated gene network to repress photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis

scholarly journals Ethylene signaling in plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (22) ◽  
pp. 7710-7725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad M. Binder
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Genetic Screens ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway ◽  
Ethylene Response Factors

Ethylene is a gaseous phytohormone and the first of this hormone class to be discovered. It is the simplest olefin gas and is biosynthesized by plants to regulate plant development, growth, and stress responses via a well-studied signaling pathway. One of the earliest reported responses to ethylene is the triple response. This response is common in eudicot seedlings grown in the dark and is characterized by reduced growth of the root and hypocotyl, an exaggerated apical hook, and a thickening of the hypocotyl. This proved a useful assay for genetic screens and enabled the identification of many components of the ethylene-signaling pathway. These components include a family of ethylene receptors in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); a protein kinase, called constitutive triple response 1 (CTR1); an ER-localized transmembrane protein of unknown biochemical activity, called ethylene-insensitive 2 (EIN2); and transcription factors such as EIN3, EIN3-like (EIL), and ethylene response factors (ERFs). These studies led to a linear model, according to which in the absence of ethylene, its cognate receptors signal to CTR1, which inhibits EIN2 and prevents downstream signaling. Ethylene acts as an inverse agonist by inhibiting its receptors, resulting in lower CTR1 activity, which releases EIN2 inhibition. EIN2 alters transcription and translation, leading to most ethylene responses. Although this canonical pathway is the predominant signaling cascade, alternative pathways also affect ethylene responses. This review summarizes our current understanding of ethylene signaling, including these alternative pathways, and discusses how ethylene signaling has been manipulated for agricultural and horticultural applications.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis Ethylene Signaling Pathway

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (276) ◽  
pp. cm4-cm4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Stepanova ◽  
J. M. Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway

scholarly journals Overexpression of Galactinol Synthase 1 From Solanum Commersonii (ScGolS1) Confers Freezing Tolerance In Transgenic Potato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiyan He ◽  
Jianfei Xu ◽  
Yinqiao Jian ◽  
Shaoguang Duan ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Galactinol Synthase ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway ◽  
Freezing Treatment

Abstract Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth largest food crop in the world. Low temperature causes serious damage to potato plants every year, and freezing tolerance has become a hot spot in potato research. Galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), and plays an important role in the response of plants to abiotic stress. In this study, the ScGolS1 gene from S. commersonii was cloned and introduced into the S. tuberosum cultivars ‘Atlantic’ and ‘Desiree’ via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Phenotyping assay showed that overexpression of the ScGolS1 could significantly improve freezing tolerance in transgenic potato plants. Further physiological and biochemical results showed that the relative conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining of the transgenic lines decreased, and the plant survival rate increased compared with wild type (WT). Moreover, CBF1, CBF2, CBF3, CBF downstream cold responsive genes COR413, COR47 and ERF transcription factor genes ERF3, ERF4, ERF6 in the ethylene signaling pathway were all induced by freezing treatment, while higher levels were observed in ScGolS1 overexpression lines compared with WT. In addition, other genes such as MIPS, STS and RS genes from RFO metabolic pathway and some sugars content were altered in response to freezing treatment. This indicates that overexpression of the ScGolS1 gene induced both the regulation of the ethylene signaling pathway and the metabolism of raffinose series oligosaccharides, regulating the balance of sugar composition and improved anti-peroxidation capacity, and thereby improved freezing tolerance in potato. These results provide theoretical support and genetic resources for freezing tolerance breeding in potato.

Ethylene Signaling Pathway

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (276) ◽  
pp. cm3-cm3 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Stepanova ◽  
J. M. Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway

scholarly journals Involvement of Arabidopsis Histone Acetyltransferase HAC Family Genes in the Ethylene Signaling Pathway

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Jiang Xu ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Qingyun Li ◽  
Hongchun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway
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