scholarly journals CYK-1/Formin activation in cortical RhoA signaling centers promotes organismal left-right symmetry breaking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teije C Middelkoop ◽  
Julia Garcia-Baucells ◽  
Porfirio Quintero-Cadena ◽  
Lokesh G. Pimpale ◽  
Shahrzad Yazdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Counter Rotation ◽  
Torque Generation ◽  
Rhoa Signaling

Proper left-right symmetry breaking is essential for animal development and in many species the actin cytoskeleton plays an instrumental role in this process. Active torque generation in the actomyosin layer promotes left-right symmetry breaking in C. elegans embryos by driving chiral counter-rotating cortical flows. While both Formins and Myosins have been implied in left-right symmetry breaking, and both can rotate actin filaments in vitro, it remains unclear if active torques in the actomyosin cortex are generated by Formins, Myosins, or both. We combined the strength of C. elegans genetics with quantitative imaging and thin film, chiral active fluid theory to show that, while Non-Muscle Myosin II activity drives cortical actomyosin flows, it is permissive for chiral counter-rotation and dispensable for chiral symmetry breaking of cortical flows. Instead, we find that CYK-1/Formin activation in RhoA foci is instructive for chiral counter-rotation and promotes in-plane, active torque generation in the actomyosin cortex. Notably, we observe that artificially generated large active RhoA patches undergo rotations with consistent handedness in a CYK-1/Formin-dependent manner. Altogether, we conclude that CYK-1/Formin-dependent active torque generation facilitates chiral symmetry breaking of actomyosin flows and drives organismal left-right symmetry breaking in the nematode worm.

scholarly journals CYK-1/Formin activation in cortical RhoA signaling centers promotes organismal left–right symmetry breaking

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (20) ◽  
pp. e2021814118
Author(s):  
Teije C. Middelkoop ◽  
Júlia Garcia-Baucells ◽  
Porfirio Quintero-Cadena ◽  
Lokesh G. Pimpale ◽  
Shahrzad Yazdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Torque Generation ◽  
Fluid Theory ◽  
Rhoa Signaling

Proper left–right symmetry breaking is essential for animal development, and in many cases, this process is actomyosin-dependent. In Caenorhabditis elegans embryos active torque generation in the actomyosin layer promotes left–right symmetry breaking by driving chiral counterrotating cortical flows. While both Formins and Myosins have been implicated in left–right symmetry breaking and both can rotate actin filaments in vitro, it remains unclear whether active torques in the actomyosin cortex are generated by Formins, Myosins, or both. We combined the strength of C. elegans genetics with quantitative imaging and thin film, chiral active fluid theory to show that, while Non-Muscle Myosin II activity drives cortical actomyosin flows, it is permissive for chiral counterrotation and dispensable for chiral symmetry breaking of cortical flows. Instead, we find that CYK-1/Formin activation in RhoA foci is instructive for chiral counterrotation and promotes in-plane, active torque generation in the actomyosin cortex. Notably, we observe that artificially generated large active RhoA patches undergo rotations with consistent handedness in a CYK-1/Formin–dependent manner. Altogether, we conclude that CYK-1/Formin–dependent active torque generation facilitates chiral symmetry breaking of actomyosin flows and drives organismal left–right symmetry breaking in the nematode worm.

scholarly journals Active torque generation by the actomyosin cell cortex drives left–right symmetry breaking

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundar Ram Naganathan ◽  
Sebastian Fürthauer ◽  
Masatoshi Nishikawa ◽  
Frank Jülicher ◽  
Stephan W Grill
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Torque Generation ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Fluid Theory ◽  
Actomyosin Cytoskeleton

Many developmental processes break left–right (LR) symmetry with a consistent handedness. LR asymmetry emerges early in development, and in many species the primary determinant of this asymmetry has been linked to the cytoskeleton. However, the nature of the underlying chirally asymmetric cytoskeletal processes has remained elusive. In this study, we combine thin-film active chiral fluid theory with experimental analysis of the C. elegans embryo to show that the actomyosin cortex generates active chiral torques to facilitate chiral symmetry breaking. Active torques drive chiral counter-rotating cortical flow in the zygote, depend on myosin activity, and can be altered through mild changes in Rho signaling. Notably, they also execute the chiral skew event at the 4-cell stage to establish the C. elegans LR body axis. Taken together, our results uncover a novel, large-scale physical activity of the actomyosin cytoskeleton that provides a fundamental mechanism for chiral morphogenesis in development.

scholarly journals A Possible Resolution to Troubles of SU(2) Center Vortex Detection in Smooth Lattice Configurations

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Rudolf Golubich ◽  
Manfried Faber
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Vortex Model ◽  
Center Vortex ◽  
Vortex Detection

The center vortex model of quantum-chromodynamics can explain confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. We present a possible resolution for problems of the vortex detection in smooth configurations and discuss improvements for the detection of center vortices.

scholarly journals Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in the massive Landau gauge: Realistic running coupling

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Peláez ◽  
Urko Reinosa ◽  
Julien Serreau ◽  
Matthieu Tissier ◽  
Nicolás Wschebor
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Landau Gauge ◽  
Spontaneous Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Running Coupling

1D Mn(III) Coordination Polymers Exhibiting Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Weak Ferromagnetism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoi Hara ◽  
Sotaro Kusumoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Sekine ◽  
Jack Harrowfield ◽  
Yang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Weak Ferromagnetism ◽  
Chiral Ligands ◽  
One Dimensional

Mn(III) complexes with the non-chiral ligands, (E)-N-(2-((2-aminobenzylidene)amino)-2-methylpropyl)-5-X-2-hydroxybenzamide (HLX, X = H, Cl, Br, and I), crystallise as chiral conglomerates containing amide oxygen-bridged one-dimensional coordination polymers that exhibit weak ferromagnetism. The...

scholarly journals Chiral Symmetry Breaking during Crystallization: An Advection-Mediated Nonlinear Autocatalytic Process

2004 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julyan H. E. Cartwright ◽  
Juan Manuel García-Ruiz ◽  
Oreste Piro ◽  
C. Ignacio Sainz-Díaz ◽  
Idan Tuval
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Autocatalytic Process

scholarly journals Chiral symmetry breaking beyond BCS and theorem on the width of scalars

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bicudo ◽  
George Rupp ◽  
Eef van Beveren ◽  
Pedro Bicudo ◽  
Brigitte Hiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking
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