The effective family size of immigrant founders predicts their long-term demographic outcome: from Quebec settlers to their 20th-century descendants

Human evolution involves population splits, size fluctuations, founder effects, and admixture. Population history reconstruction based on genetic diversity data routinely relies on simple demographic models while projecting the past. Yet, no specific demographic assumptions are needed to understand the genetic structure of the founder population of Quebec. Because genealogy and genetics are intimately related, we used descending genealogies of this population to pursue the fate of its founder lineages. Maternal and paternal lines reflect the transmission of mtDNA and the Y-chromosome, respectively. We followed their transmission in real-time, from the 17th century down to its 20th-century population. We counted the number of married children of immigrants (i.e., their effective family size, EFS), estimated the proportion of successful immigrants in terms of their survival ratio, and assessed net growth rates and extinction. Likewise, we evaluated the same parameters for their Quebec-born descendants. The survival ratio of the first immigrants was the highest and declined over time in association with the decreasing immigrants EFS. Parents with high EFS left plentiful married progeny, putting EFS as the most important variable determining the parental demographic success throughout time for generations ahead. The 17th and 18th-century immigrants bear the most remarkable demographic and genetic impact on the 20th-century population of Quebec. Lessons learned from Quebec genealogies can teach us about the consequences of founder effects and migrations through real peoples history. The effective family size of immigrant founders predicts their long-term demographic outcome.

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Long-term spatio-temporal dynamics of a hedgerow network landscape in Flanders, Belgium

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892905001840 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 20-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

B. DECKERS ◽

E. KERSELAERS ◽

H. GULINCK ◽

B. MUYS ◽

M. HERMY

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

20Th Century ◽

Network Structure ◽

18Th Century ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Network Dynamics ◽

Landscape Position ◽

Hedgerow Networks ◽

Insight Into

Although the importance of hedgerows for sustainable agriculture and conservation of rural biodiversity is increasingly being recognized, obtaining insight into the spatial and temporal dynamics of hedgerow networks remains an important challenge for landscape ecologists, with the key factors driving changes in rural landscape structure especially deserving further attention. The present study analyses the long-term history of a hedgerow network landscape in Flanders, Belgium. A detailed reconstruction of the hedgerow network is made at five points in time, starting at the end of the 18th century until present, for 367 distinct 400 m×400 m samples. Whilst hedgerows were mainly concentrated around historical village centres and within valleys at the end of 18th century, the network expanded progressively during the 19th century. In the 20th century, the hedgerow network degraded strongly, with hedgerow density and connectivity declining and mesh-size heterogeneity and network fragmentation increasing, although the network recovered slightly during the 1990s. Different trajectories of change in hedgerow network structure were observed depending on landscape position, with both topography and village proximity significantly affecting hedgerow network dynamics. The present network structure was mainly governed by land use, with highly developed networks being predominantly associated with pasture. Three main conclusions arise from the results of this study. First, the role of land use and landscape position as basic factors steering hedgerow network dynamics at the landscape scale is demonstrated. Second, the long-term perspective of the study enabled insight into the poorly known expansion phase of hedgerow networks, linked mainly with the development of small-scale labour-intensive agriculture. Finally, the findings confirm the large-scale degradation of linear semi-natural habitats in European agricultural landscapes during most of the 20th century, and indicate that a pro-active rural policy can halt and even reverse this process.

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Trust and Rural Enterprise in the Trade Activities of Small-Scale Fisheries: Lessons Learned From Pangandaran, Indonesia

Journal of Natural Resources and Development ◽

10.5027/jnrd.v8i0.04 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 27-37

Author(s):

Hafidz Wibisono ◽

Andi Abdul Manaf

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Important Variable ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Small Scale ◽

Small Scale Fisheries ◽

Key Stakeholders ◽

Client Relationships ◽

Technical Factors ◽

Trading Mechanisms

This paper explores the approach used by fisheries-related stakeholders to break the complex relationship between fishermen and middlemen in the fishing village of Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia. This location was selected because the fisheries trade there has been institutionalized by the presence of rural enterprise. This is unusual, especially in traditional small-scale fisheries where trade is governed by middlemen. The information was obtained by interviewing key stakeholders from various parties and combining this with relevant secondary data. The main argument is that formalizing the fisheries market is not as simple as implementing technical regulations. There are non-technical factors that affect the entire process. The findings indicate that trust is the important variable that catalyzes the process and binds stakeholders in certain trading mechanisms. Furthermore, this situation is very helpful to divert the fishermen from patron-client relationships that are often unfavorable in the long term.

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Maximizing Outcomes in Group Treatment of Aphasia: Lessons Learned From a Community-Based Center

Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders ◽

10.1044/nnsld24.3.100 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 100-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Darlene Williamson

Keyword(s):

Group Treatment ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Group Program ◽

Community Based ◽

Multiple Treatment ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

Communication Impairments ◽

Treatment Settings

Given the potential of long term intervention to positively influence speech/language and psychosocial domains, a treatment protocol was developed at the Stroke Comeback Center which addresses communication impairments arising from chronic aphasia. This article presents the details of this program including the group purposes and principles, the use of technology in groups, and the applicability of a group program across multiple treatment settings.

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Periodic monitoring of vampire bats and rabies: a new framework for animal restoration projects in the Neotropics

10.32942/osf.io/53hda ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Gonçalves ◽

Daniel G. Streicker ◽

Mauro Galetti

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Multidisciplinary Teams ◽

Risk Area ◽

Food Web Structure ◽

Land Bridge ◽

High Risk Area ◽

Restoration Project ◽

Vampire Bats

Nowadays, restoration project might lead to increased public engagement and enthusiasm for biodiversity and is receiving increased media attention in major newspapers, TED talks and the scientific literature. However, empirical research on restoration project is rare, fragmented, and geographically biased and long-term studies that monitor indirect and unexpected effects are needed to support future management decisions especially in the Neotropical area. Changes in animal population dynamics and community composition following species (re)introduction may have unanticipated consequences for a variety of downstream ecosystem processes, including food web structure, predator-prey systems and infectious disease transmission. Recently, an unprecedented study in Brazil showed changes in vampire bat feeding following a rewilding project and further transformed the land-bridge island into a high-risk area for rabies transmission. Due the lessons learned from ongoing project, we present a novel approach on how to anticipate, monitor, and mitigate the vampire bats and rabies in rewilding projects. We pinpoint a series of precautions and the need for long-term monitoring of vampire bats and rabies responses to rewilding projects and highlighted the importance of multidisciplinary teams of scientist and managers focusing on prevention educational program of rabies risk transmitted by bats. In addition, monitoring the relative abundance of vampire bats, considering reproductive control by sterilization and oral vaccines that autonomously transfer among bats would reduce the probability, size and duration of rabies outbreaks. The rewilding assessment framework presented here responds to calls to better integrate the science and practice of rewilding and also could be used for long-term studying of bat-transmitted pathogen in the Neotropical area as the region is considered a geographic hotspots of “missing bat zoonoses”.

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A Study on Circulating Library and Culture of Popular Reading in Britain from the 18th Century to the early of 20th Century

Yeol-sang Journal of Classical Studies ◽

10.15859/yscs..63.201806.153 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol null (63) ◽

pp. 153-193

Author(s):

이민희

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

18Th Century

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The role of the Southern Ukraine in the formation of domestic Protestantism (the end of the 18th century – 30th years of the 20th century)

Scholarly Works of the Faculty of History Zaporizhzhya National University ◽

10.26661/swfh-2017-49-012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 71-73

Author(s):

O. Ignatusha

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

18Th Century ◽

Southern Ukraine

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LITERARY ROMANTICISM AS A THEORETICAL ISSUE

RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series ◽

10.28995/2686-7249-2020-9-19-27 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 19-27

Author(s):

Vera V. Serdechnaia ◽

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Conceptual Analysis ◽

18Th Century ◽

Theoretical Concept ◽

Historical Research ◽

Theoretical Issue ◽

Main Research ◽

Literary Process ◽

History Of ◽

The Subject

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of literary romanticism. The research aims at a refinement of the “romanticism” concept in relation to the history of the literary process. The main research methods include conceptual analysis, textual analysis, comparative historical research. The author analyzes the semantic genesis of the term “romanticism”, various interpretations of the concept, compares the definitions of different periods and cultures. The main results of the study are as follows. The history of the term “romanticism” shows a change in a number of definitions for the same concept in relation to the same literary phenomena. By the end of the 20th century, realizing the existence of significant contradictions in the content of the term “romanticism”, researchers often come to abandon it. At the same time, the steady use of the term “romanticism” testifies to the subject-conceptual component that exists in it, which does not lose its relevance, but just needs a theoretical refinement. Conclusion: one have to revise an approach to romanticism as a theoretical concept, based on the change in the concept of an individual in Europe at the end of the 18th century. It is the newly discovered freedom of an individual predetermines the rethinking for the image of the author as a creator and determines the artistic features of literary romanticism.

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"HOW PUISSANT HIS MIRACLES ARE!" CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE BIBLICAL NARRATIVE AND THE FOLK STORIES ABOUT THE RIBNITZER REBBE

Studia Religiosa Rossica: Russian Journal of Religion ◽

10.28995/2658-4158-2020-3-40-67 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 40-67

Author(s):

Natalya M. Kireeva ◽

◽

Maria M. Kaspina ◽

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

18Th Century ◽

Biblical Narrative ◽

Jewish Culture ◽

Folk Stories

The article focuses on legends about miracles in Judaism. Particular attention is paid to miracles in the context of the early Biblical period of the prophets and modern Hasidism; similarities in motives and plots are found between the narratives of different times. The authors analyze in detail two 20th-century plots about miracles related to Chaim Zanvl Abramovich, known as the Ribnitzer Rebbe (1902–1995). The miracles that are told about him have many parallels with the legends about miracles performed by the founder of the Hasidic movement, Israel Baal Shem Tov (BeShT), who lived in the middle of the 18th century. The article reveals a connection between the Biblical and Hasidic miracle stories not only at the level of how the miracle is functioning in Jewish culture in general.

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