Knotted memories of a betrayed sacrifice: Rethinking trauma and hope in South Africa

Different groups within South African society express disillusionment with the present through a discourse of betrayal in relation to the liberation movement-cum-governing-party of the African National Congress. This article focuses on a particular articulation of this discourse within two memory communities in the Western Cape (Bonteheuwel and Crossroads) who were embroiled in violence and political struggle during apartheid and continue to suffer conditions of structural violence in the post-apartheid era. It analyses the shared memory narrative of a ‘betrayed sacrifice’ to demonstrate a proposed theoretical concept of ‘knotted memories’ which describes the way in which past and present memories of suffering knot together to produce a lived affective condition of despair. It further considers what these everyday experiences of ‘knotted memories’ mean for re-thinking the nature of trauma and hope in relation to post-apartheid despair.

Operating Successfully on a New Technological Path: The Effect of External Search

Switching to a new technological path is often a serious economic challenge for companies. Incumbents, in particular, are often led by their organizational routines, traditional technological orientation, and experience, and run the risk of losing contact with new technologies, which can decrease their competitiveness. We analyze whether opening up the innovation process to external knowledge partners can help to overcome such path dependence and enable firms to operate successfully on a new technological path. We develop a theoretical concept that shows the potential of external knowledge sources for operating successfully on a new technological path and test it empirically using the example of green technologies. Green technologies are not only relevant for addressing the current environmental problems, but they are also an example of a new technological path that is proving difficult for companies to switch to. Overall, we find strong direct effects of external (green) knowledge on green innovation success. The results even indicate that the direct effect of external knowledge tends to be larger for green than for non-green innovation.

Bringing “Climate-Smart Forestry” Down to the Local Level—Identifying Barriers, Pathways and Indicators for Its Implementation in Practice

The theoretical concept of “climate-smart forestry” aims to integrate climate change mitigation and adaptation to maintain and enhance forests’ contributions to people and global agendas. We carried out two local transdisciplinary collaboration processes with the aim of developing local articulations of climate-smart forestry and to identify barriers, pathways and indicators to applying it in practice. During workshops in northern and southern Sweden, local stakeholders described how they would like forests to be managed, considering their past experiences, future visions and climate change. As a result, the stakeholders framed climate-smart forestry as active and diverse management towards multiple goals. They identified several conditions that could act both as barriers and pathways for its implementation in practice, such as value chains for forest products and services, local knowledge and experiences of different management alternatives, and the management of ungulates. Based on the workshop material, a total of 39 indicators for climate-smart forestry were identified, of which six were novel indicators adding to the existing literature. Our results emphasize the importance of understanding the local perspectives to promote climate-smart forestry practices across Europe. We also suggest how the concept of climate-smart forestry can be further developed, through the interplay between theory and practice.

The Development of the Concept of Social Capital

Social capital is assumed as an alternative form of other modalities. Theoretically, there is a debate about social capital leading to social relations. The debate relates to the conceptualization of social capital as concrete capital where individuals or groups are able to utilize social relations including values, social networks and trust to obtain economic benefits and social benefits. Using a qualitative approach with a literature study method, this article aims to explain social capital as a theoretical concept. The presentation of the study shows that there is a relationship between social capital and inclusiveness and community empowerment, especially in the context of sustainable inclusive development. This article concludes that the concept of social capital serves as a useful framework for successful development and policy formulation.

PSK DALAM FRAMING TIGA MONOLOG/PROSTITUTE ON THREE MONOLOGUES FRAMING

Abstrak Makalah berjudul “PSK dalam Framing Tiga Monolog” ditulis untuk membahas tokoh PSK dalam ketiga monolog yang bertemakan kehidupan PSK, yaitu Monolog Tanda Tanya (Anggi Eka Putri), Monolog Pelacur (Putu Wijaya), danMonolog Cahaya (Lenny Koroh dan Silvester Hurit). Penelitian dalam makalah tersebut dibatasi pada penampilan tokoh PSK dalam ketiga monolog, pembahasan PSK berdasarkan konsep framingdan representasi, serta sikap lingkungan terhadap tokoh PSK. Penelitian ini merupakan kualitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif komparatif pada ketiga monolog. Konsep teoretis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah framing Pan Konscki, serta representasi Hall. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil berikut: (1) PSK yang ditampilkan dalam ketiga monolog ditunjukkan sebagai perempuan yang terjerumus. Tokoh PSK mudah terjerumus ke dalam dunia hitam, tetapi sulit keluar dari dunia tersebut; (2) Berdasarkan hasil framing dan representasi, tokoh PSK merupakan korban yang tidak mampu mengatasi dampak pelecehan seksual atau pemerkosaan. Kekecewaan berkepanjangan tidak pernah teratasi karena tokoh PSK dipertemukan dengan lingkungan atau pihak yang berkompeten menjerumuskan perempuan itu di dunia hitam, misalnya teman atau kekasih. Konflik dengan sosok ayah juga dianggap sebagai pencetus utama tercetusnya seorang perempuan ke dunia hitam; serta (3) sikap lingkungan terhadap tokoh PSK menunjukkan bahwa dunia hitam para PSK bukan dunia yang ramah. PSK tidak dapat ke luar dari dunia tersebut dengan mudah sementara ia harus bertanggung jawab untuk kehidupan anggota keluarganya. Selain itu, ia harus menanggung risiko besar selama menjalani profesinya, tanpa perlindungan apa pun. PSK bukan saja mengalami kesulitan di dunianya sendiri, melainkan pula di dunia luar. Lingkungan sosial sulit menerima eksistensi mereka, bahkan cenderung merendahkan. Tidak jarang lingkungan sosial dapat menjadi pencetus atau pendukung terjerumusnya seorang perempuan menjadi PSK. Kata kunci: PSK, framing, pelecehan, korban Abstract"PSK in Framing of Three Monologues" discussed prostitute figures on the three prostitute themed monologues: Monolog Tanda Tanya (Anggi Eka Putri), Monolog Pelacur (Putu Wijaya), dan Monolog Cahaya (Lenny Koroh dan Silvester Hurit). The research was limited to (1) the appearance of prostitute figures in all three monologues, (2) prostitute discussions based on the result of framing and representation, also (3) environmental reactions towards prostitutes. This research is qualitative with a comparative descriptive analysis method on all three monologues. The theoretical concept used in this research was Pan Konscki’s framing, as well as Hall representation of the. The result was below. First, PSK displayed in all three monologues was shown as women who were extremely trapped. PSK figures easily fell into the site, but were difficult to get out from. Second, based on the framing and representation, prostitute figures were victims who were unable to cope with the effects of sexual harassment or rape. Prolonged disappointment had never been resolved because they met with the environment or the competent party plunged them into such world, such as friends or lovers. Conflict with a father figure was also considered as the main originator of the emergence of a woman into the sit. Three, the environmental attitude towards the prostitute shew that the surroundings of prostitutes were not a friendly world. They won’t let to be out of it easily while, on the other hand, they had to be responsible for the lives of their family members. In addition, they were close to high-risks of their profession, without any protection. Prostitutes were not only experience difficulties in their own world, but also in the outside world. The social environment also hardly accepted their existence, even tends to be condescending. Sometimes, it could be the originator or supporter of a woman becoming a prostitute. Keywords: prostitute, framing, harrashment, victims

Moko Symbolization As Socio-Religious Harmony of Alor Society in East Nusa Tenggara

The understanding of moko is related to the identity of the Alor people. Historically, moko was brought from Vietnam and became a heirloom which was passed down from generation to generation. In practice, moko can be used as a dowry of marriage, clan identity, musical instruments, and several other uses. This study provides novelty on the moko symbolization as a socio-religious harmony of Alor society. The problem to be resolved in this research is “how does the moko symbolize socio-religious harmony in the people of Alor, East Nusa Tenggara?” The theoretical concept used in this article is Geertz’s ‘religious as the cultural system” which is paired with Epicurus' opinion about the three levels of harmony. This study used the phenomenological method of Edmund Husserl. The results of this study are moko symbolization as a rhythmic leader of musical instruments related with social messages in the ownership it and the function of moko as a dowry of marriage. In addition, the results of the study also show that the symbolization of moko becomes a part of the harmony embodiment in the life of the Alor people. This symbolization process occurs at the level of ideas and manifests in behavior. The novelty in this research is the characteristics of the Alor community as a heterogeneous society place the symbols of a set of conventions. Moko as part of the convention symbol embodies social harmonization. This part becomes an interesting character because moko is not an original object from the Alor community, but it has been adopted as a cultural symbol. Social harmonization occurs at the level of ideas which are adhered to customary law. This really depends on the values held in society.

TO THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF IVAR MURDMAA

On August 6, 2021, the chief researcher of the IO RAS, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Professor Ivar Oskarovich Murdmaa turned 90 years old. The main focus of I.O. Murdmaa is the study of bottom sediments of seas and oceans, their lithology, mineralogy, deposition processes, facies and formations, the theory of oceanic sedimentogenesis. He first distinguished marine volcanoterrigenous sediments and described the facies variability of modern sediments of island arcs. Ivar Murdmaa is known for his studies in mineralogy of oceanic sediments, processes of pelagic sedimentogenesis and associated iron-manganese nodules formation. Studying sediment formation in rift zones of mid-ocean ridges, he identified a new genetic type of sediments named edaphogeonus sediments, elaborated mineralogical criteria for their recognition and formation processes. In recent years I.O. Murdmaa is actively developing the theoretical concept of "sedimentosphere", paying special attention to a new direction – the study of the erosion-accumulative activity of bottom currents and the formation of contourites.

Technological processes of creating soundtrack in an audiovisual work

The purpose of the article is to study the main components of the technological process in the formation of the soundtrack of the audiovisual space. The research methodology is based on the use of methods of source search, systematization, and comparative analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the representation of the attempt to create a theoretical concept concerning the importance of technological processes in creating the sound design of works. Conclusions. The article presents the concept of technological processes for creating sound in the audiovisual context, as a scientific and practical phenomenon, in the form of a panoramic figure. The research will serve as an incentive to search for updated options for combining existing elements of the background composition, as well as to create previously unused sound effects. Keywords: sound design skills, background composition, sound field unit, sound recording techniques, sound design.

Musical drama in audiovisual space

The purpose of the article is to study musical drama, as an essential element of the audiovisual space and life, to reveal its role and influence on the quality and nature of the audio field as a whole. The research methodology is based on the use of analysis, and synthesis. The scientific novelty lies in the representation of the attempt to create a theoretical concept concerning the significance, role, and implementation in the reality of musical drama as the most important component of the audiovisual space. Conclusions. As a result of studying the above problem, there is a theoretical concept, which consists in determining the nature of the interaction, as well as the role and mutual influence of musical drama and audiovisual space. The results obtained make it possible to realize the importance of musical drama for the audiovisual context, its influence on its qualitative characteristics, and perception by the audience. This opens up prospects for such spheres as cinematography, media field, synthetic art compositions, combining audio and video elements. Keywords: musical art, architectonics, audiovisual field, audiovisual context, the theoretical concept of the phenomenon.

EMPLOYING THE FUZZY DELPHI METHOD TO VALIDATE COMMUNICATION SKILLS AMONG ENGINEERING GRADUATES

Delphi strategy may be a method and organized approach utilized to audit and collect suppositions of a gather of specialists, be that as it may, has it possess shortcomings. The Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM), which is based on a variation of the Delphi method, has been demonstrated to be more successful in showing human phonetic knowledge in numerous tests (which is the signature of the Delphi Procedure). The Fuzzy Delphi Method was used to assess the content of communication abilities among engineering graduates in this article. This stage of development could be part of a larger project to develop a Malaysian employability aptitude system. This stage includes the view of 10 specialists who are experienced and have profound information in designing. It may be a thorough factual examination to approve the legitimacy of the theoretical concept of communication skills. The results of the experts' analysis were presented in the study, as well as the usefulness of the Fuzzy Delphi Method as a tool for gathering information about the validity of communication abilities content. Experts' recognitions have appeared disjointed about communication and get it more than one dialect among engineers. The specialists concurred with building graduates it can be donated by a clear heading, tune in and inquire address in their employability aptitudes capability.