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Author(s):  
Ігор Опацький

Ключові слова: Уманщина, голод 1921-1923 рр., Петро Курінний, білошовицький режим, воєнний комунізм. Анотація У статті проаналізовано ego-документи родини Курінних (передусім щоденник Петра Федоровича Курінного та особисте листування йог осина Петра Петровича Курінного). Наголошено на основних причинах голоду 1921-1923 рр., його масштаби на території історичної Уманщини. Результатом наукової розвідки є систематизація відомостей з архіву родини Курінних про голод, основні заходи більшовицької влади зі збору податків, вилучення продовольства у населення, здійснення репресивних заходів у боротьбі з селянським повстанським рухом. Посилання Gurevich, 1923 – Gurevich M. B. Golod i Selskoe Khoziaistvo Ukrainy. Ocherk [Famine and agriculture of Ukraine. Essay] / Matvei Borisovich Gurevich. Kharkov: Pervaia Gosudarstvennaia Tipografiia im. tov. Petrovskogo G. I., 1923. 47 s. [in Russian] Didenko, 1962 – Didenko G. D. Rabochii klass Ukrainy v gody vosstanovleniia narodnogo khoziaistva (1921–1925) [Working class of Ukraine in the years of restoration of the national economy (1921-1925)] / Grigorii Demianovich Didenko. K.: Izd-vo AN USSR, 1962. 375 s. [in Russian] Kyrylenko, 2015 – Kyrylenko V. P. Holod 1921–1923 rokiv u Pivdennii Ukraini [The famine of 1921–1923 in Southern Ukraine]. Dys. … kand. ist. nauk. Ministerstvo osvity i nauky Ukrainy; Mykolaivskyi natsionalnyi universytet im. V. O. Sukhomlynskoho. Mykolaiv, 2015. 230 s. [in Ukrainian]. Kulchytskyi, 1993 – Kulchytskyi S. V. Nevidomi storinky holodu 1921–1923 rr. v Ukraini [Unknown pages of the famine of 1921–1923 in Ukraine] / S. V. Kulchytskyi, O. M. Movchan. K.: In-t istorii Ukrainy, 1993. 70 s. [in Ukrainian]. Movchan, 2002 – Movchan O. M. Teror holodom v Ukraini v 1921–1923 rokakh [The famine terror in Ukraine in 1921-1923] / O. M. Movchan // Problemy istorii Ukrainy: fakty, sudzhennia, poshuky. Kyiv: Instytut istorii Ukrainy NAN Ukrainy, 2002. №7. C. 66-78. [in Ukrainian]. Movchan, 1988 – Movchan O. N. Trudiashchiesia USSR v borbe s prodovolstvennym krizisom pri perekhode k nepu [Workers of the USSR in the fight against the food crisis in the transition to the nep] / Olga Nikolaevna Movchan. K.: Naukova dumka, 1988. 124 s. [in Russian] NA IA NANU – Naukovyi arkhiv Instytutu arkheolohii  NAN Ukrainy [Scientific archive of the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine] [in Ukrainian]. Poliakov, 1975 – Poliakov Iu. A. 1921-i: pobeda nad golodom [1921: victory over hunger] / Iurii Aleksandrovich Poliakov. M.: Politizdat, 1975. 112 s. [in Russian] Torhalo, 2014 – Uman i umanchany ochyma P. F. Kurinnoho [Uman and Uman residents through the eyes of P. F. Kurinnyi] / Uklad. Yu. V. Torhalo / Uman: Vydavets «Sochinskyi», 2014. 428 s. [in Ukrainian]. Khenkin, 1988 – Khenkin E. M. Ocherki istorii borby Sovetskogo gosudarstva s golodom (1921–1922) [Essays on the history of the struggle of the Soviet state against hunger (1921–1922)] / Evel Moiseevich Khenkin. Krasnoiarsk: Izd-vo Krasnoiarskogo un-ta, 1988. 171 s. [in Russian] Khomenko, 1927 – Khomenko A. P. Naselennia Ukrainy (1897–1927 rr.) [Population of Ukraine 1897‒1927] / Arsenii Petrovych Khomenko. Kharkiv: Derzhavne vydavnytstvo Ukrainy, 1927. 79 s. [in Ukrainian]


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2(49)) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
I. I. Motsnyi ◽  
T. P. Nargan ◽  
M. Yu. Nakonechnyi ◽  
S. Ph. Lyfenko ◽  
О. О. Molodchenkova ◽  
...  

Introduction. The global climate change conduces spreading of main diseases of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and increases the yield losses caused by both these diseases and drought. Preventing the devastating impact of these factors on the yield depends on development of donors carrying the resistance genes. Aim. The diversity of new introgression wheat lines derived from complex interspecies crosses was evaluated for resistance to widespread diseases, drought and other agricultural traits. Methods. The trial was conducted consecutively during two vegetative periods (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) on the black earth area under the arid system in a control nursery design. Genetic material includes seventy-eight introgression wheat lines of different origin with two check cultivars for the arid climate zone of Ukraine. The data on nine agronomic (quantitative scores) and five plant pathological (point scores) traits were collected and subjected to both variance and correlation analysis to comprehend the contribution of the factors towards general diversity and connections between the characters. Results. Most lines were resistant to rust species due to the successful introgression of alien Lr, Yr and Sr genes from all sources involved in hybridization. High long-term resistance to stem rust was observed mainly among the derivatives of the collection sample H74/90-245 from Bulgaria, whose genetic background was favorable for generating a positive effect of 1BL.1RS translocation on both productive and adaptive traits in southern Ukraine and the ability to combine with other resistance genes. The yield traits did not correlate with the resistance to diseases except stem rust (Rsp = 0.34**) and Septoria blight (Rsp = −0.23*). Resistance to stem rust correlated with the grain and protein yield, test weight and flour density, which may be due to the presence of translocation 1BL.1RS. Negative correlation was observed between quality traits and grain yield, but quality traits mainly positively correlated with each other. The plant height had the highest contribution to grain yield followed by volume of 1000 kernels and WTK. Conclusions. The introgression lines were found to be diverse and potential for use in the wheat improvement programs for resistance to the diseases or drought in Southern Ukraine.


2021 ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Natalia Kuzovova

Purpose: to analyze a set of documents stored in the funds of the State Archives of Kherson region – cases of repressed refugees from Poland and Czechoslovakia in 1938-1941. Based on historiographical and source studies on this topic, to outline the general grounds for arrest and persecution of refugees by Soviet authorities and to find out why Jews – former citizens of Poland and Czechoslovakia – found themselves in the focus of repression. Research methodology. The main research methods were general and special-historical, as well as methods of archival heuristics and scientific criticism of sources. Scientific novelty. Previously unpublished documents are introduced into scientific circulation: cases of repressed refugees from Poland and Czechoslovakia, analysis of the Soviet government's policy towards Jews who tried to escape from the Nazis in the USSR and the Union Republics in southern Ukraine, including Kherson. The forms of repression applied by the NKVD to refugee Jews are analyzed, and the consequences of such a policy for the German government's policy of genocide in the occupied territories are examined. Conclusions. The study found that the formal reason for the persecution of Jewish refugees was the illegal crossing of the border with the USSR, since the Soviet Union, like many countries in the world, refused to accept Jews fleeing the Nazi persecution. The Soviet government motivated this by the fact that refugee Jews spread mood of defeat and panic, spied for Germany, Britain, and Poland, had anti-Soviet views, and conducted anti-Soviet campaigning. As a result of the arrests and deportations of Jewish refugees, the Jewish population, particularly in southern Ukraine, was unaware of the persecution of Jews in lands occupied by Nazi Germany. In fact, the Jewish refugees sent to the concentration camps, along with the Germans of Ukraine and the Volga region, were the only groups of people thus "evacuated" by the Soviet authorities on ethnic grounds. However, due to the enemy's rapid offensive, refugees who did not fall into the hands of the NKVD shared the tragic fate of Ukrainian Jews during the Holocaust.


2021 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 267-289
Author(s):  
Cristina Vasiliţa ◽  
Ovidiu Alin Popovici ◽  
Elijah Talamas ◽  
Norman Johnson ◽  
Lubomir Masner ◽  
...  

The monotypic genus Latonius Kononova, 1982 (Platygastroidea, Scelionidae), was described from a single female specimen collected in southern Ukraine. It somewhat resembles Trissolcus Ashmead but has a distinctive claval formula. The only species in the genus, Latonius planus Kononova, 1982, is lacking any details regarding biology, sexual dimorphism, intraspecific variability, or distribution. Based on recently collected specimens the present study clarifies the position of Latonius within the Telenominae, provides a comprehensive description accompanied by high quality images, and compares Latonius and Trissolcus. Five molecular markers were amplified, and sequences of L. planus were analyzed using a data set for the molecular phylogeny of Telenominae (Taekul et al. 2014) and a molecular phylogeny of Trissolcus (Talamas et al. 2019). We dissected the metasoma, tarsi, antennae, and ovipositor and performed SEM imaging. The genera Latonius and Ioseppinella Mineo, O’Connor & Ashe, 2010, are treated as junior synonyms of Trissolcus and the type species of Latonius and Ioseppinella are considered to be conspecific (syn. nov.).


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
T.L. Hrydina ◽  
V.O. Honcharov ◽  
L.S. Kotlik ◽  
O.V. Skopenko ◽  
O.A. Hruzevsky ◽  
...  

Background. The circulation of different strains of the measles virus is closely related to the region and the incidence rate since circulating strains can change during epidemic outbreaks and in interepidemic periods. According to the WHO, the B3 strain is most common during outbreaks worldwide. Therefore, typing of circulating strains of measles virus, especially during an epidemic outbreak, is an important process, inclu­ding for predicting the development of an epidemic. The study was aimed to identify and determine the genotype of measles virus types that circulate in Ukraine during 2012–2019. Materials and methods. Materials of the reporting documentation of the State Institution “Odessa Regional Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine” in the Odessa region during 2012–2019 were used and analyzed. Materials from patients with suspected measles were used for molecular biological, genetic, analytical, and statistical approaches investigation. Following the standard WHO protocol for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, circulating measles virus strains were isolated from the patient in a special culture of Vero/SLAM cells. Measles virus RNA was isolated from the resulting virus-containing material after cultivation and RT-PCR was performed. The resulting cDNA was sent for genotyping, which was carried out at the WHO reference labo­ratory for the diagnosis of measles and rubella in Luxembourg (WHO RRL). Results. Twenty strains of measles virus from 45 samples (urine and nasopharyngeal swabs) from patients diagnosed with measles were isolated during 2012–2014. Virus isolation was not carried out in 2015–2016 due to isolated cases of the disease. Twenty-four virus strains from 164 samples were isolated in 2017. Conclusions. The results obtained at the State Institution “Odessa Regional Laboratory Center” demonstrated that during the interepidemic period of 2012–2014, the D4 geno­type circulated in the region. But since 2017, when there was an increas of cases associated with a new epidemic outbreak, B3, genetic line MVs/Kabul.AFG/20.2014/3 B3 mainly circulates in the region of southern Ukraine. As you can see, these data completely coin­cide with the data about circulating genotypes that were found at a certain time in the European Region, according to the data from the literature.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevhen Rachkov

Symbolic and Ritual Practices in the Post-Soviet Urban World: Symbolic Space and Festivity in the Cities of Eastern and Southern Ukraine, 1990s–2010sThe article examines symbolic and ritual practices in five cities of southern and eastern Ukraine – Dnipro, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Odesa, and Kharkiv – during the 1990s to 2010s. The author considers the ways in which urban symbolic and ritual practices (primarily expressed in such symbolic forms as municipal ceremonies and festivals) are connected with the cultural and symbolic space of cities. First and foremost, these practices represent a kind of “symbolic mediators” of urban cultural memory and participate in the preservation, broadcasting, and actualization of the cultural semantics of the city. During the 1990s to 2010s, urban symbolic and ritual practices in Ukraine were characterized by efforts to leave behind the most objectionable manifestations of the Soviet culture of festivity and create a fundamentally new festive canon. To an extent, these developments were part of the so-called “decolonization of historical memory,” initiated by the central government and urban communities. Undoubtedly, they were facilitated by the ongoing socio-political transformations, particularly those connected with the Orange Revolution (2004) and Euromaidan Revolution (2013–2014), the Russian aggression against Ukraine, etc. At the same time, the transformation of the Soviet complex of symbolic and ritual practices progressed only slowly; the change of political regime did not lead to a large-scale “ceremonial revolution.” Modern Ukrainian festive culture involves a combination, often quite eclectic, of at least several elements: a “new” style of festivity, generally based on borrowed “Western” cultural patterns; “traditional” forms, stressing national aspects and attempting to revive pre-Soviet cultural models; and “Soviet” forms, which preserve the Soviet festive canon, often adapted and rethought within the framework of the new urban tradition. Overall, the process of constructing a new model of urban festivity in Ukraine is far from complete; this emerging cultural complex remains fluid and capable of “turning” towards the festive traditions of different historical periods. Символічні та ритуальні практики в пострадянському міському середовищі: символічний простір і святкування в містах Східної та Південної України протягом 1990–2010-х рр.Стаття присвячена дослідженню символічних і ритуальних практик п’яти міст Південної та Східної України – Дніпра, Донецька, Запоріжжя, Одеси та Харкова – протягом 1990–2010-х рр. Відзначається, що міські символічні та ритуальні практики (передовсім, виражені у таких символічних формах, як міські урочисті церемонії та свята) особливим чином пов’язані з культурно-символічним простором міста. Насамперед, вони являють собою своєрідні «символічні медіатори» культурної пам’яті міста та беруть участь у зберіганні, трансляції та актуалізації культурних смислів міста. Протягом 1990–2010-х рр. для міських символічних і ритуальних практик в Україні були характерними спроби позбутися найбільш одіозних проявів радянської святкової культури та створити принципово новий святковий канон. Частково ці процеси відбувалися в межах так званої «деколонізації історичної пам’яті», ініціаторами якої була центральна влада та міські спільноти. Безперечно, сприяли цьому суспільно-політичні трансформації, зокрема, пов’язані з Помаранчевою революцією (2004 р.) та Єврореволюцією (2013–2014 рр.), російською збройною агресією проти України тощо. Водночас, процеси трансформації радянських символічних і ритуальних практик були помірними: зміна політичного режиму не призвела до масштабної «церемоніальної революції». Сучасна українська святкова культура передбачає поєднання, часто доволі еклектичне, щонайменше кількох складових: «нової» святкової традиції, що загалом базується на запозичених «західних» культурних зразках; «традиційної», що містить національні акценти та являє собою спробу відродження дорадянських культурних зразків; «радянської», що зберігає радянський святковий канон, часто він адаптований та переосмислений у нових міських традиціях. Загалом, маємо підстави казати про незавершеність процесу конструювання нової міської святкової культури в Україні, що характеризується невизначеністю та можливостями «повороту» до святкових традицій різних історичних епох.Praktyki symboliczne i rytualne w postsowieckim środowisku miejskim: przestrzeń symboliczna i obchody świąt w miastach wschodniej i południowej Ukrainy w latach 90. i na początku XXI w.Artykuł jest poświęcony badaniu praktyk symbolicznych i rytualnych w pięciu miastach południowej i wschodniej Ukrainy: Dnieprze, Doniecku, Zaporożu, Odessie i Charkowie, w latach 1990-2010. Symboliczne oraz rytualne praktyki miejskie (wyrażone przede wszystkim przy użyciu takich form symbolicznych jak miejskie święta, uroczystości) są szczególnie związane z kulturową i symboliczną przestrzenią miasta. Są one przede wszystkim swego rodzaju „symbolicznymi mediatorami” kulturowej pamięci miasta i uczestniczą w utrwalaniu, transmitowaniu i aktualizowaniu jego kulturowych znaczeń. W latach 90. i dwóch pierwszych dekadach XXI w. miejskie praktyki symboliczne i rytualne w Ukrainiecharakteryzowały się próbami pozbycia się najbardziej odrażających przejawów sowieckiej kultury świętowania oraz stworzenia zupełnie nowego kanonu świąt. Po części procesy te odbywały się w ramach tzw. dekolonizacji pamięci historycznej, inicjowanej przez władze centralne i społeczności miejskie. Niewątpliwie ułatwiły to przemiany społeczno-polityczne, w szczególności związane z pomarańczową rewolucją (2004) oraz Euromajdanem (2013-2014), rosyjską agresją zbrojną na Ukrainę itp. Jednocześnie procesy transformacji sowieckich praktyk symbolicznych i rytualnych były umiarkowane: zmiana ustroju politycznego nie doprowadziła do „rewolucji ceremonialnej” na dużą skalę. Współczesna ukraińska kultura świąteczna łączy, często dość eklektycznie, przynajmniej kilka elementów: „nową” tradycję świąteczną, która na ogół opiera się na zapożyczonych „zachodnich” wzorcach kulturowych; element „tradycyjny”, zawierający akcenty narodowe i będący próbą ożywienia przedsowieckich wzorców kulturowych; „sowiecki”, który zachowuje sowiecki kanon świąteczny, jest często adaptowany do nowych tradycji miejskich. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, można zauważyć, że proces budowy nowej miejskiej kultury świętowania w Ukrainie nie jest ukończony i charakteryzuje się niepewnością i możliwością „zwrócenia się” do tradycji świątecznych różnych epok historycznych.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
V. G. Bakhmutov ◽  
D. V. Hlavatskyi ◽  
Y. M. Veklych ◽  
V. V. Shpyra ◽  
V. I. Yakukhno

We present the results of a palaeomagnetic study of the Early—Middle Pleistocene deposits exposed on the left bank of the River Danube at Dolynske, southern Ukraine. A thick succession of water-lain facies is succeeded by stratigraphically complete loess-palaeosol sequence; these constitute a unique palaeoclimate archive in the southern margin of the East European loess province. The Matuyama—Brunhes boundary (MBB) has been detected at the bottom of the Lower Shyrokyne (S7S3) subunit and not in the Martonosha (S6) unit as previously thought. New data align with previous results from the Roksolany and Vyazivok sections, where the MBB was determined at the same stratigraphical level in the S7S3 soil. In contrast to terrestrial Pleistocene records in China and сentral Europe, where the MBB was regularly determined in a loess layer (representing a cold period), the MBB in the Ukrainian subaerial succession is located in the soil unit (representing a warm period). Furthermore, eight, and not seven, glacial-interglacial cycles are recorded in the Brunhes chron. This may indicate the stratigraphic completeness of the loess-soil succession of Ukraine, which can be compared with the reference global marine and terrestrial palaeoclimatic archives. Further palaeomagnetic studies of loess-palaeosol sequences of other regions of Ukraine will allow revision and correlation of still inconsistent stratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic schemes of the Pleistocene deposits.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (31) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Kalinka Kouzmova ◽  
◽  
Anna Ilina ◽  
Anatoliy Polevoy ◽  
◽  
...  

When modeling the prognostic changes in the temperature regime over the territory of Ukraine, the data of the research project for modeling the regional climate and assessing the consequences of its change (CORDEX) were used. The climate projection structure is based on a series of global climatic models (GCM) developed within the framework of CMIP5 project. The influence of the temperature factors on passing the phenological phases and oats yield in the South of Ukraine, implementing the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios and comparing them with the long-term data is analyzed. As a result of the analysis of the changes in the temperature regime it was revealed that it will be warming the plants vegetation period. The probable change in the oats yield in the southern part of Ukraine under the conditions of climate change using the crop formation model was considered. It is assumed that by 2050 the timing of sowing and germinating the seedlings will be shifted to an earlier date, and the oats yield will increase by 1.26-1.32 times.


Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5057 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
ERIC J. HILTON ◽  
OLEKSANDR KOVALCHUK ◽  
NATALIA PODOPLELOVA

The fossil record of the family Acipenseridae (sturgeons) extends to the Late Cretaceous (c. 85 MY), with a ghost lineage extending to approximately 120 MY when the first members of the family Polyodontidae are known. Much of the fossil record of Acipenseridae is formed by isolated and fragmentary dermal bones, which bear characteristic surface ornamentation. In this paper, we report on a collection of fossil sturgeons from the Upper Miocene deposits of southern Ukraine. These specimens include those used by Widhalm to establish †Acipenser euhuso, which is a nomen nudum. While we do not establish a new taxon for these specimens, the morphological variation of those elements that are preserved does suggest the presence of several species represented in this fauna.  


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