scholarly journals Resting together, foraging apart: Network structure of foraging bats is not explained by energy expenditure or foraging efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teague O'Mara ◽  
Dina DK Dechmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Bocas Del Toro ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Phyllostomus Hastatus ◽  
Foraging Movement ◽  
Social Network Ties

Group foraging animals may change their spatial relationships in response to the resource landscape. The strength of social network ties across foraging groups could then reflect the energy balance of individual group members through their effect on foraging efficiency. To test this, we tracked individuals in three social groups of Phyllostomus hastatus (greater spear-nosed bats) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Phyllostomus hastatus seasonally feed on balsa flowers, and group-specific social calls are hypothesized to coordinate social foraging. We found that bats commuted alone but then joined group members in small foraging patches with high densities of flowering balsas, approximately 25 km from their roost. Their estimated energy expenditure was not related to their proximity social network, and network strength did not predict foraging efficiency. Bats in the same foraging patch did not coordinate foraging movement, but close proximity among individuals increased resting bout duration and synchrony. Bats across all social groups used the same resting areas, potentially due to the resting site's physical characteristics, proximity to abundant food resources or predation avoidance. These results indicate that factors other than increased feeding efficiency may structure network relationship of group members while foraging.

Labeling, causal attributions, and social network ties to people with mental illness

2021 ◽  
pp. 114646
Author(s):  
Erin Pullen ◽  
Emily A. Ekl ◽  
Elizabeth Feliz ◽  
Christopher Turner ◽  
Brea L. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Social Network Ties

Impact of task characteristics on employee agility: the moderating effect of enterprise social media visibility

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyi Zhu ◽  
Yuan Sun ◽  
Anand Jeyaraj ◽  
Jie Hao
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Task Interdependence ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Enterprise Social Media ◽  
Social Network Ties ◽  
And Task

PurposeThis study aims to explore whether and how task characteristics affect employee agility in the context of enterprise social media (ESM).Design/methodology/approachAdopting the social network ties perspective, this study examines how task characteristics (i.e. task complexity, task interdependence and task non-routineness) affect employee agility by promoting their social network ties (i.e. instrumental ties and expressive ties) and how ESM visibility moderates their relationships. Data gathered from 341 ESM users in workplaces were analyzed using Smart-PLS 3.2.FindingsFirst, task complexity, task interdependence and task non-routineness have positive effects on instrumental and expressive ties, which in turn influences agility; Second, instrumental ties have a stronger effect on employee agility relative to expressive ties; Finally, ESM visibility positively moderates the effects of task complexity and task non-routineness on social network ties.Practical implicationsThe findings provide guidance for organizational managers on how to use task characteristics and ESM to improve employee agility, as well as insights for social media designers to optimize ESM functions to improve agility.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical evidence to explain the roles of task characteristics and social network ties in influencing employee agility, thus clarifying the inconsistent findings in extant research. The moderating effects of ESM visibility on the relationships between task characteristics and social network ties are also examined, thus providing further insights on the positive role of ESM in organizations.

scholarly journals How do enterprise social media affordances affect social network ties and job performance?

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiayu Chen ◽  
Shaobo Wei ◽  
Robert M. Davison ◽  
Ronald E. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Enterprise Social Media ◽  
Social Network Ties ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how four enterprise social media (ESM) affordances (visibility, association, editability and persistence) affect social network ties (instrumental and expressive), which, in turn, influence the in-role and innovative job performance of employees. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 251 ESM users in the workplace in China was conducted. Findings All four affordances are positively associated with instrumental ties, yet only the association and editability affordances are positively related to expressive ties. Although instrumental and expressive ties are positively related to in-role and innovative job performance, instrumental ties exert stronger effects on in-role job performance, whereas expressive ties show stronger effects on innovative job performance. Research limitations/implications First, additional relevant affordances should be included in an expanded model. Second, future research could examine how patterns of affordances use (unrelated, or hierarchically or sequentially related) affect organizational network ties. Third, there are likely (many) other exogenous factors affecting the model’s relationships. Fourth, the data collected are self-reported. Practical implications This study advances the theoretical understanding of the role of ESM affordances in the workplace, especially through their influences on network ties. The findings can guide organizations on how to emphasize ESM affordances to foster instrumental and expressive ties to improve the job performance of employees. Originality/value First, it provides novel views on affordance theory in ESM contexts by empirically testing four central affordances, thereby further providing preliminary evidence for prior theoretical propositions by confirming that social media affordances might be associated with or influence relational ties. Second, the study integrates an affordance lens and a social network perspective to investigate employees’ perceived performance behavior. Including social network ties can offer a more detailed understanding of the underlying processes of how ESM affordances can and do affect job performance. Third, it supports the validity of distinguishing instrumental and expressive ties in ESM contexts, thus offering a possible explanation for the inconsistencies in prior research on the impact of social networks on employee outcomes. Finally, it also shows how two kinds of organizational performance (in-role and innovative) are somewhat differentially influenced by affordances and network ties.

scholarly journals Friend of a Friend with Benefits ontology (FOAF+): extending a social network ontology for public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amith ◽  
Kayo Fujimoto ◽  
Rebecca Mauldin ◽  
Cui Tao
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Social Data ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Health Related Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Social Network Ties

Abstract Background Dyadic-based social networks analyses have been effective in a variety of behavioral- and health-related research areas. We introduce an ontology-driven approach towards social network analysis through encoding social data and inferring new information from the data. Methods The Friend of a Friend (FOAF) ontology is a lightweight social network ontology. We enriched FOAF by deriving social interaction data and relationships from social data to extend its domain scope. Results Our effort produced Friend of a Friend with Benefits (FOAF+) ontology that aims to support the spectrum of human interaction. A preliminary semiotic evaluation revealed a semantically rich and comprehensive knowledge base to represent complex social network relationships. With Semantic Web Rules Language, we demonstrated FOAF+ potential to infer social network ties between individual data. Conclusion Using logical rules, we defined interpersonal dyadic social connections, which can create inferred linked dyadic social representations of individuals, represent complex behavioral information, help machines interpret some of the concepts and relationships involving human interaction, query network data, and contribute methods for analytical and disease surveillance.

scholarly journals Sustainable use of renewable resources in a stylized social-ecological network model under heterogeneous resource distribution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Barfuss ◽  
Jonathan F. Donges ◽  
Marc Wiedermann ◽  
Wolfgang Lucht
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Large Effort ◽  
Social Network Ties ◽  
Nature And Society

Abstract. Human societies depend on the resources ecosystems provide. Particularly since the last century, human activities have transformed the relationship between nature and society at a global scale. We study this coevolutionary relationship by utilizing a stylized model of regional resource use and preference formation on an adaptive social network. The latter process is based on two social key dynamics beyond economic paradigms: boundedly rational imitation of resource use preferences and homophily in the formation of social network ties. The private and logistically growing resources are harvested either with a sustainable (small) or non-sustainable (large) effort. We show that these social processes can have a profound influence on the environmental state, such as determining whether the private renewable resources collapse from overuse or not. Additionally, we demonstrate that heterogeneously distributed regional resource capacities shift the critical social parameters (social-ecological tipping points) where this resource extraction system collapses. We make these points to argue that, in more advanced coevolutionary models of the planetary social-ecological system, such socio-cultural phenomena as well as regional resource heterogeneities should receive attention in addition to the processes represented in established Earth system and integrated assessment models.

scholarly journals Mutual Aid Networks: Informal Shop Floor Organizing among Mexican Migrant Construction Workers in San Diego

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311982854
Author(s):  
Diego Avalos
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Workplace Conditions ◽  
Mexican Migrant ◽  
Social Network Ties ◽  
Fierce Competition

Labor scholarship overwhelmingly continues to frame the value of migrants’ social network ties by successful or unsuccessful incorporation into formal sectors of the host economy. Within this context, migrant social network ties are commonly viewed as positive only when they lead to union-building efforts. The current study extends the social network analysis to include informal resistance and struggle. Based on ethnographic research among Mexican migrant drywallers in the San Diego construction industry, I argue that migrant workers draw on social network ties to craft less obvious and complex alternative organizing strategies to resist labor flexibility and casualization. Groups of drywallers, which I term collective cuadrillas, use social network ties not only as an impetus to improve workplace conditions but also to convene collectively on the shop floor to alleviate fierce competition among workmates and rid the production process of hierarchal work structures for more democratically managed job practices.

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