scholarly journals Physiological and life history changes associated with seasonal adaptation in the cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tierney M Shaible ◽  
Luciano M Matzkin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Drosophila Mojavensis ◽  
Seasonal Adaptation ◽  
Cactophilic Drosophila ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
Larval Stages

Many insects inhabiting temperate climates are faced with changing environmental conditions throughout the year. Depending on the species, these environmental fluctuations can be experienced within a single generation or across multiple generations. Strategies for dealing with these seasonal changes vary across populations. Drosophila mojavensis is a cactophilic Drosophila species endemic to the Sonoran Desert. The Sonoran Desert regularly reaches temperatures of 50°C in the summer months. As individuals of this population are rare to collect in the summer months, we therefore simulated in a temperature and light controlled chamber the cycling temperatures experienced by D. mojavensis in the Sonoran Desert from April to July (four generations) to understand the physiological and life history changes that allow this population to withstand these conditions. In contrast to our hypothesis of a summer aestivation, we found that D. mojavensis continue to reproduce during the summer months, albeit with lower viability, but the longevity of the population is highly reduced during this period. As expected, stress resistance increased during the summer months in both the adult and the larval stages. This study examines several strategies for withstanding the Sonoran Desert summer conditions which may be informative in the study of other desert endemic species.

scholarly journals Moss mimesis par excellence: integrating previous and new data on the life history and larval ecomorphology of long-bodied craneflies (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae: Cylindrotominae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yume Imada
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Functional Explanations

Abstract Different physical structures play a central role in animal camouflage. However, in evolutionary studies of mimicry, the ecological and evolutionary significance of such structures has been poorly investigated. Larvae of long-bodied craneflies, Cylindrotominae, are all obligate herbivores and resemble plants. They are distinctively characterized by possessing numerous elongated cuticular lobes on the integument. A comprehensive overview of the biology and morphology of cylindrotomids, particularly their larval stages, is laid out, providing original data on nine species. To explore the ecological background of moss resemblance, host-plants of most examined species are clarified, revealing that terrestrial moss-feeding species tend to use specific groups of mosses, either belonging to Bryales or Hypnales. However, the evolution of cryptic forms remains paradoxical, due to the apparent absence of visual predators. Based on histological examinations, extensive internal musculatures within the cuticular lobes on the lateral side are discovered, shedding new light on their function in locomotion. Traditional functional explanations for these lobes, particularly as devices for respiration, locomotion and attachment, are challenged. This study promotes our understanding of the ecomorphology of mimicry devices, which is an angle often dismissed in evolutionary studies of mimicry.

Nutrient cycling in a Carex lacustris wetland

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Bernard ◽  
Betsy A. Solsky
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Belowground Production ◽  
Aboveground Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Carex Lacustris

Seasonal changes in aboveground and belowground life history of Carex lacustris were determined and used to study primary production and nutrient cycling in the ecosystem. Seasonal aboveground production was estimated to be about 965 g/m2 per year, with a peak rate of 20.9 g/m2 per day reached in late July. Belowground production was estimated to be 208 g/m2 per year for a total production estimate of 1173 g/m2 per year.Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium begin the season with high percentage concentrations in green overwintering shoots but the percentages decline to only about one-third of the original at death in December. Early growth in spring is characterized by a redistribution of these nutrients in the shoots, some translocation from belowground tissues, and uptake from the soil. Calciumand magnesium do not show any important translocation patterns during the year.The yearly budget of uptake and loss of nutrients during a year is estimated to be 15.9 g/m2 nitrogen, 1.9 g/m2 phosphorus, 16.6 g/m2 potassium, 2.9 g/m2 calcium, and 1.5 g/m2 magnesium.

The Euphausiidæ in the Neighbourhood of Plymouth. II. Nyctiphanes Couchii and Meganyctiphanes noruegica.

1925 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie V. Lebour
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meganyctiphanes Norvegica

The present paper is a continuation of last year's work on the Euphausiidæ in the neighbourhood of Plymouth (Lebour, 1924), in which the early larval stages were described of Nyctiphanes Couchii, Meganyctiphanes norvegica and, less fully, those of Thysanoessa inermis and T. neglecta. These two last-named forms are reserved for a detailed description in another paper, only Nyctiphanes and Meganyctiphanes being dealt with here. The first paper described these as far as the last Calyptopis stages, and it was shown that they were much alike although perfectly distinct, especially as regards colour. The nauplii and metanauplii were easily distinguishable. The whole of the remaining life-history of Nyctiphanes Couchii has now been elucidated and also that of Meganyctiphanes norvegica, with the exception of a few late larval stages. The absence of these, however, does not materially affect our knowledge of its life-history.

Reproductive Ecology and Life History of Female Sonoran Desert Tortoises (Gopherus morafkai)

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Averill-Murray ◽  
Terry E. Christopher ◽  
Brian T. Henen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Gopherus Morafkai ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Climate drivers of adult insect activity are conditioned by life history traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Belitz ◽  
Vijay Barve ◽  
Joshua Doby ◽  
Maggie Hantak ◽  
Elise Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Adult Insect ◽  
Regional Temperature ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Community Science ◽  
General Response

Insect phenological lability is key for determining which species will adapt under environmental change. However, little is known about when adult insect activity terminates, and overall activity duration. We used community-science and museum specimen data to investigate the effects of climate and urbanization on timing of adult insect activity for 101 species varying in life history traits. We found detritivores and species with aquatic larval stages extend activity periods most rapidly in response to increasing regional temperature. Conversely, species with subterranean larval stages have relatively constant durations regardless of regional temperature. Multivoltine and univoltine species both extended their period of adult activity similarly in warmer conditions. Longer adult durations may represent a general response to warming, but voltinism data in subtropical environments is likely underreported. This effort provides a framework to address drivers of adult insect phenology at continental scales, and a basis for predicting species response to environmental change.

scholarly journals The biology of Limacina retroversa

1954 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clione Limacina

The Plymouth Fauna List contains records of two genera of pteropods, Limacina and Clione. Of the first, Limacina retroversa (Flem.) is by far the better-known species, apparently occurring regularly at Plymouth in large numbers in townettings from outside, and sometimes inside, the Sound. It breeds at Plymouth from June to August, and Lebour (1932) has given a detailed account of its breeding and larval stages and has discussed its role in the plankton. The second species of Limacina at Plymouth is lesueuri (d'Orbigny), which has been observed from time to time since 1906, when it was very common. The last record in the Fauna is off the Breakwater in 1920. Of the gymnosomatous pteropods, Clione limacina Phipps is the only species regularly occurring. Lebour (1931) has described the life history of this form, and mentions February to August as its months of greatest abundance. Its breeding season is June to August. Another gymnosome, tentatively referred to as Clionina longicauda, is reported by Russell (1936), and from the specimen department at Plymouth Laboratory the writer obtained some preserved specimens, not easily identifiable, of a Pneumodermopsis taken locally; its species is perhaps ciliata, recorded by Massy (1917) from the Irish Coast.

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