scholarly journals Scaphoideus titanus Ball feeding behaviour on three grapevine cultivars with different susceptibilities to Flavescence dorée

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Ripamonti ◽  
Federico Maron ◽  
Daniele Cornara ◽  
Cristina Marzachì ◽  
Alberto Fereres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus ◽  
Epg Technique

Scaphoideus titanus (Ball) is a grapevine-feeder leafhopper, and the most important vector of Flavescence dorée of grapevine (FD), a disease associated with phytoplasmas belonging to ribosomal subgroups 16Sr-V–C and –D. FD is a major constraint to viticulture in several European countries and, so far, its control has relied on roguing of infected plants and insecticide applications against the vector. Detailed knowledge on different levels of the multifaceted phytoplasma-plant-vector relationship is required to envisage and explore more sustainable ways to control the disease spread. In the present work, S. titanus feeding behaviour was described on three grapevine cultivars: Barbera (susceptible to FD), Brachetto, and Moscato (tolerant to FD) using the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique. Interestingly, no differences were highlighted in the non-phloem probing phases, thus suggesting that the tested cultivars have no major differences in the biochemical composition or structure of the leaf cuticle, epidermis or mesophyll, that can affect the first feeding phases. On the contrary, the results showed significant differences in leafhopper feeding behaviour in terms of the duration of the phloem feeding phase, longer on Barbera and shorter on Brachetto and Moscato, and of the frequency of interruption-salivation events inside the phloem, higher on Brachetto and Moscato. These findings indicate a preference for the Barbera variety, that appears a more suitable hosts for the leafhopper. Scaphoideus titanus feeding behaviour on Barbera correlates with an enhanced FDp transmission efficiency, thus explaining, at least in part, the higher susceptibility of this variety to FD. The mechanisms for the non-preference for Brachetto and Moscato are discussed, and a possible antixenosis is hypothesized. We propose that breeding for resistance against FD should take into account both plant traits associated with the response to the phytoplasmas and to the vector.

scholarly journals Host plant testing of the spittle bug carystoterpa fingens by stylet penetration behaviour

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
W.R.M. Sandanayaka ◽  
A. Chhagan ◽  
P. Ramankutty
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Epg Technique ◽  
Homalodisca Coagulata ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Penetration Behaviour

Carystoterpa fingens (Walker) is an endemic xylem feeder It was chosen as a model insect for the glassy winged sharp shooter (Homalodisca coagulata (Say)) The electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique was used to measure realtime stylet penetration and feeding behaviour of 48 adult C fingens on four plant types hebe (Hebe pubescens) rengarenga lily (Arthropodium cirratum) wild iris (Dietes bicolor) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) over 12 days EPG waveforms were recorded for 12 hours and the duration of the main penetration events (pathway ingestion and nonprobing phases) of the insects were analysed to compare host preferences There were no significant differences in the duration of ingestion indicating that all the plants were potential hosts for C fingens Insects on hebe showed the shortest nonprobing time suggesting that hebe was the most preferred host as expected from observations in the wild

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Flavescence Dorée in Vineyards in Northwestern Italy

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 1422-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Morone ◽  
M. Boveri ◽  
S. Giosuè ◽  
P. Gotta ◽  
V. Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Root System ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A serious outbreak of flavescence dorée (FD) was reported in Piemonte, northwestern Italy, in 1998, and since then, the disease has compromised the economy of this traditional wine-growing area, even following the application of compulsory insecticide treatments to control Scaphoideus titanus, the vector of the causal phytoplasma. Affected vines show severe symptoms, varying according to the cultivar, and are rogued to reduce disease spread. Following winter and pruning, a previously affected vine may appear symptomless and free of phytoplasmas in its aerial as well as its root system, even by nested-polymerase chain reaction assays. Such plants are considered to be “recovered”. Since 1998 homogenous data on the incidence of newly infected, healthy, or recovered plants productivity, presence of vectors, and treatment schedules have been collected in seven severely affected vineyards of southern Piemonte for 5 years (1999 to 2003). Infectivity and recovery rates were also calculated each year. From 1999 to 2003, the average number of healthy plants decreased and the numbers of recovered plants and those with symptoms increased. Productivity of recovered vines, although lower than that of healthy ones, was always higher than that of vines with symptoms and was not influenced by the time elapsed from date of recovery. The relationships between the ln-transformed number of vectors trapped in the vineyards the previous year and the infection and the recovery rates were fitted by an exponential (R2 = 0.95) and an asymptotic (R2 = 0.93) model, respectively.

scholarly journals Acquisition capability of the grapevine Flavescence dorée by the leafhopper vector Scaphoideus titanus Ball correlates with phytoplasma titre in the source plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Galetto ◽  
Dimitrios Miliordos ◽  
Chiara Roggia ◽  
Mahnaz Rashidi ◽  
Dario Sacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leafhopper Vector ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus ◽  
Source Plant

scholarly journals Models Applied to Grapevine Pests: A Review

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Federico Lessio ◽  
Alberto Alma
Keyword(s):  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Homalodisca Vitripennis ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Definition Of

This paper reviews the existing predictive models concerning insects and mites harmful to grapevine. A brief conceptual description is given on the definition of a model and about different types of models: deterministic vs. stochastics, continuous vs. discrete, analytical vs. computer-based, and descriptive vs. data-driven. The main biological aspects of grapevine pests covered by different types of models are phenology, population growth and dynamics, species distribution, and invasion risk. A particular emphasis is put on forecasting epidemics of plant disease agents transmitted by insects with sucking-piercing mouthparts. The most investigated species or groups are the glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) and other vectors of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, a bacterium agent of Pierce’s disease; the European grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermuller); and the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball, the main vector of phytoplasmas agents of Flavescence dorée. Finally, the present and future of decision-support systems (DSS) in viticulture is discussed.

scholarly journals Acquisition of Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma by Scaphoideus titanus Ball from Different Grapevine Varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Galetto ◽  
Dimitrios Miliordos ◽  
Mattia Pegoraro ◽  
Dario Sacco ◽  
Flavio Veratti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus

scholarly journals First Report of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasma Affecting Grapevines in Croatia

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Šeruga Musić ◽  
D. Škorić ◽  
I. Haluška ◽  
I. Križanac ◽  
J. Plavec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus

Flavescence dorée (FD) and Bois noir (BN) phytoplasmas are principal grapevine yellows (GY) agents in the wider Euro-Mediterranean Region. While BN phytoplasma belongs to the ribosomal subgroup 16SrXII-A, the FD agents belong either to the ribosomal subgroups 16SrV-C or -D. During the official GY survey in 2009, 40 symptomatic grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) were sampled throughout grapevine-growing regions in Croatia. Typical GY symptoms of leaf yellowing or reddening were evident on white and red varieties, respectively. Leaf rolling as well as irregular lignification of the shoots and withering of clusters were also observed. Phloem tissue from cuttings and leaf veins from mature vines were sampled for total DNA extraction and amplification of phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene by using generic primers P1/P7 in a direct PCR assay followed by a nested PCR using primer pair R16F2n/R2 (2). Phytoplasma ribosomal group affiliation was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the nested PCR products with enzyme Tru1I (Fermentas, Vilnius, Lithuania). These initial findings were validated and augmented by a triplex real-time PCR assay targeting the nonribosomal map gene. This assay enables simultaneous detection of BN and FD (16SrV-C and -D) phytoplasmas in grapevine (3). Assay results revealed the majority of GY positive vines (19 of 40) contained BN phytoplasma which is widespread. For the first time in Croatia, two red variety samples, Pinot Noir and Plemenka Crvena, from the vicinity of Ozalj (Vivodina) and Zagreb (Brezje), respectively, were found to harbor FD-related phytoplasmas. Fragments amplified by P1/P7 primers from latter samples were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analyses using online interactive tool iPhyClassifier (4) revealed that the phytoplasma under study from Pinot Noir sample (GenBank Accession No. HQ712064) is a member of 16SrV-C subgroup and shares 99.87% similarity with 16S rDNA sequence of the reference strain (GenBank Accession No. AF176319). The sequence from the Plemenka Crvena sample (GenBank Accession No. HQ712065) shares 99.54% similarity with the reference strain and has the most similar virtual RFLP pattern to the one of the 16SrV-C subgroup (GenBank Accession No. AY197642). These findings are currently limited to vineyards in northwestern Croatia. Even so, the presence of FD principal cicadellid vector Scaphoideus titanus in the country and the occurrence and distribution of FD in neighboring countries (1,2) are factors indicating that the spread of FD in Croatia is highly probable. References: (1) L. Filippin et al. Plant Pathol. 58:826, 2009. (2) S. Kuzmanović et al. Vitis 47:105, 2008. (3) C. Pelletier et al. Vitis 48:87, 2009. (4) Y. Zhao et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2582, 2009.

scholarly journals Silencing of ATP Synthase β Impairs Egg Development in the Leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus, Vector of the Phytoplasma Associated with Grapevine Flavescence Dorée

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Matteo Ripamonti ◽  
Luca Cerone ◽  
Simona Abbà ◽  
Marika Rossi ◽  
Sara Ottati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Regulatory Constraints ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus

Scaphoideus titanus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is the natural vector of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma, a quarantine pest of grapevine with severe impact on European viticulture. RNA interference (RNAi) machinery components are present in S. titanus transcriptome and injection of ATP synthase β dsRNAs into adults caused gene silencing, starting three days post injection (dpi) up to 20 dpi, leading to decrease cognate protein. Silencing of this gene in the closely related leafhopper Euscelidiusvariegatus previously showed female sterility and lack of mature eggs in ovaries. Here, alteration of developing egg morphology in S. titanus ovaries as well as overexpression of hexamerin transcript (amino acid storage protein) and cathepsin L protein (lysosome proteinase) were observed in dsATP-injected females. To evaluate RNAi-specificity, E.variegatus was used as dsRNA-receiving model-species. Different doses of two sets of dsRNA-constructs targeting distinct portions of ATP synthase β gene of both species induced silencing, lack of egg development, and female sterility in E. variegatus, indicating that off-target effects must be evaluated case by case. The effectiveness of RNAi in S. titanus provides a powerful tool for functional genomics of this non-model species and paves the way toward RNAi-based strategies to limit vector population, despite several technical and regulatory constraints that still need to be overcome to allow open field application.

New insight into the behaviour modifying activity of two natural sesquiterpenoids farnesol and nerolidol towards Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wróblewska-Kurdyk ◽  
Katarzyna Dancewicz ◽  
Anna Gliszczyńska ◽  
Beata Gabryś
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Epg Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe effect of structurally related sesquiterpenoids (E,E)-farnesol and cis-nerolidol on the host-plant selection behaviour of the peach potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulz.) was evaluated using electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. No repellent effects of (E,E)-farnesol and (Z)-nerolidol to M. persicae were found but aphid probing activities on (E,E)-farnesol- and cis-nerolidol-treated plants were restrained. During non-phloem phases of probing, neither (E,E)-farnesol nor (Z)-nerolidol affected the cell puncture activity. On (E,E)-farnesol-treated plants, the total duration of phloem phase, the mean duration of individual sustained ingestion periods were significantly lower, and the proportion of phloem salivation was higher than on control plants. On (Z)-nerolidol-treated plants, the occurrence of the first phloem phase was delayed, and the frequency of the phloem phase was lower than on control plants. The freely moving aphids were reluctant to remain on (E,E)-farnesol- and (Z)-nerolidol-treated leaves for at least 24 h after exposure. (E,E)-Farnesol and (Z)-nerolidol show complementary deterrent properties, (E,E)-farnesol showing ingestive and post-ingestive activities and nerolidol showing pre-ingestive, ingestive, and post-ingestive deterrent activities.

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