scholarly journals Speeded detection of spectrotemporal modulations of sound

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidwien C.E. Veugen ◽  
A. John Van Opstal ◽  
Marc M. van Wanrooij
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Sensitivity Matrix ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Time Task

We tested whether joint spectrotemporal sensitivity follows from spectrotemporal separability for normal-hearing conditions and for impaired-hearing simulations. In a manual reaction-time task, normal-hearing listeners had to detect the onset of a ripple (with density between 0-8 cycles/octave and a fixed modulation depth of 50%), that moved up or down the log-frequency axis at constant velocity (between 0-64 Hz), in an otherwise-unmodulated broadband white-noise. Spectral and temporal modulations elicited band-pass filtered sensitivity characteristics, with fastest detection rates around 1 cycle/oct and 32 Hz for normal-hearing conditions. These results closely resemble data from other studies that typically used the modulation-depth threshold as a sensitivity measure for spectral-temporal modulations. To simulate hearing-impairment, stimuli were processed with a 6-channel cochlear-implant vocoder, and a hearing-aid simulation that introduced spectral smearing and low-pass filtering. Reaction times were always much slower compared to normal hearing, especially for the highest spectral densities. Binaural performance was predicted well by the benchmark race model of statistical facilitation of independent monaural channels. For the impaired-hearing simulations this implied a "best-of-both-worlds" principle in which the listeners relied on the hearing-aid ear to detect spectral modulations, and on the cochlear-implant ear for temporal-modulation detection. Although singular-value decomposition indicated that the joint spectrotemporal sensitivity matrix could be largely reconstructed from independent temporal and spectral sensitivity functions, in line with time-spectrum separability, a significant inseparable spectral-temporal interaction was present in all hearing conditions. These results imply that the reaction-time task yields a solid and effective objective measure of acoustic spectrotemporal modulation sensitivity, which may also be applicable to hearing-impaired individuals.

Effects of Hearing Aid Use on Speech Discrimination and Listening Effort

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Probe Reaction Time

Effects of hearing-aid use on measures of speech discrimination and listening effort were investigated in 23 hearing-impaired adults. Speech discrimination testing was conducted with and without hearing aid use. A probe reaction time task was performed simultaneously to assess the amount of listening effort devoted to the speech discrimination task. The results indicated that hearing aid use improved speech discrimination and reduced listening effort. The probe reaction time task may have potential as an objective measure of listening effort in hearing-impaired individuals.

Modeling Within-Person Variance in Reaction Time Data of Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rast ◽  
Daniel Zimprich
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Time Task ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Wave

In order to model within-person (WP) variance in a reaction time task, we applied a mixed location scale model using 335 participants from the second wave of the Zurich Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging. The age of the respondents and the performance in another reaction time task were used to explain individual differences in the WP variance. To account for larger variances due to slower reaction times, we also used the average of the predicted individual reaction time (RT) as a predictor for the WP variability. Here, the WP variability was a function of the mean. At the same time, older participants were more variable and those with better performance in another RT task were more consistent in their responses.

scholarly journals Adaptive aspects of impulsivity and interactions with effects of catecholaminergic agents in the 5-choice serial reaction time task: implications for ADHD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Toschi ◽  
Mona El-Sayed Hervig ◽  
Parisa Moazen ◽  
Maximilian G. Parker ◽  
Jeffrey W. Dalley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Serial Reaction Time Task ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Serial Reaction Time ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Serial Reaction ◽  
Behavioural Profile ◽  
Improved Performance

Abstract Background Work in humans has shown that impulsivity can be advantageous in certain settings. However, evidence for so-called functional impulsivity is lacking in experimental animals. Aims This study investigated the contexts in which high impulsive (HI) rats show an advantage in performance compared with mid- (MI) and low impulsive (LI) rats. We also assessed the effects of dopaminergic and noradrenergic agents to investigate underlying neurotransmitter mechanisms. Methods We tested rats on a variable inter-trial interval (ITI) version of the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). Rats received systemic injections of methylphenidate (MPH, 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg), atomoxetine (ATO, 0.3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg), amphetamine (AMPH, 0.2 mg/kg), the alpha-2a adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole (ATI, 0.3 mg/kg) and the alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (PHEN, 1 mg/kg) prior to behavioural testing. Results Unlike LI rats, HI rats exhibited superior performance, earning more reinforcers, on short ITI trials, when the task required rapid responding. MPH, AMPH and ATI improved performance on short ITI trials and increased impulsivity in long ITI trials, recapitulating the behavioural profile of HI. In contrast, ATO and PHEN impaired performance on short ITI trials and decreased impulsivity, thus mimicking the behavioural profile of LI rats. The effects of ATO were greater on MI rats and LI rats. Conclusions These findings indicate that impulsivity can be advantageous when rapid focusing and actions are required, an effect that may depend on increased dopamine neurotransmission. Conversely, activation of the noradrenergic system, with ATO and PHEN, led to a general inhibition of responding.

The feasibility and efficacy of a serial reaction time task that measures motor learning of anticipatory stepping

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
Geneviève N. Olivier ◽  
Serene S. Paul ◽  
Christopher S. Walter ◽  
Heather A. Hayes ◽  
K. Bo Foreman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Serial Reaction Time Task ◽  
Serial Reaction Time ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Serial Reaction
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