scholarly journals Agonistic character displacement of genetically based male color patterns across darters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Moran ◽  
Rebecca C. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Common Garden ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Signal Evolution ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Behavioral Biases ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Female Mating Preferences

AbstractA growing number of studies are demonstrating that interspecific male-male competitive interactions can promote trait evolution and contribute to speciation. Agonistic character displacement (ACD) occurs when selection to avoid maladaptive interspecific aggression leads to the evolution of agonistic signals and/or associated behavioral biases in sympatry. Here we test for a pattern consistent with ACD in male color pattern in darters (Percidae: Etheostoma). Despite the presence of traditional sex roles and sexual dimorphism, male color pattern has been shown to function in male-male competition in several darter species, rather than female mating preferences. A pattern consistent with divergent ACD in male behavioral biases has also been documented in darters. Males bias their aggression towards conspecific over heterospecific males in sympatry but not in allopatry. Here we use a common garden approach to show that differences in male color pattern among four closely related darter species are genetically based. We also demonstrate that male color pattern exhibits enhanced differences in sympatric compared to allopatric populations of two darter species. This study provides evidence that interspecific male-male aggressive interactions alone can promote elaborate male signal evolution both between and within species. We discuss the implications this has for male-driven ACD and cascade ACD.

scholarly journals Agonistic character displacement of genetically based male colour patterns across darters

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1884) ◽  
pp. 20181248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Moran ◽  
Rebecca C. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Common Garden ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Signal Evolution ◽  
Interspecific Aggression ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Female Mating Preferences

Agonistic character displacement (ACD) occurs when selection to avoid maladaptive interspecific aggression leads to the evolution of agonistic signals and/or associated behavioural biases in sympatry. Here, we test for a pattern consistent with ACD in male colour pattern in darters (Percidae: Etheostoma ). Male colour pattern has been shown to function in male–male competition rather than female mating preferences in several darter species. Additionally, males bias their aggression towards conspecific over heterospecific males in sympatry but not in allopatry, consistent with divergent ACD in male behavioural biases. We use a common garden approach to show that differences in male colour pattern among four closely related darter species are genetically based. Additionally, we demonstrate that some aspects of male colour pattern exhibit enhanced differences in sympatric compared to allopatric populations of two darter species, consistent with ACD. However, other male colour traits are more similar between species in sympatry compared with allopatry, indicating that not all signal components are under strong divergent selection in sympatry. This study provides evidence that interspecific male–male aggressive interactions alone can promote elaborate male signal evolution both between and within species. We discuss the implications this has for male-driven ACD and cascade ACD.

No character displacement for reproductive isolation between Drosophila bipectinata and Drosophila malerkotliana

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Singh ◽  
Sujata Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Sexual Isolation ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Drosophila Bipectinata ◽  
Isolation Index ◽  
Drosophila Malerkotliana

To test whether character displacement for reproductive isolation between Drosophila bipectinata and Drosophila malerkotliana exists, the degree of sexual isolation was measured between their sympatric and allopatric populations. Although the isolation indices vary in different crosses, the average isolation index for sympatric populations is very close to that for allopatric populations. This shows no difference in the degree of sexual isolation between sympatric and allopatric populations of D. bipectinata and D. malerkotliana. Thus there is no evidence for the existence of character displacement for sexual isolation between these two closely related sympatric species.Key words: Drosophila bipectinata, Drosophila malerkotliana, sexual isolation, sympatric and allopatric populations.

scholarly journals Predator-induced changes of male and female mating preferences: innate and learned components

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Plath ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Diane Umutoni ◽  
Guilherme Gomes-Silva ◽  
Jie-Fei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Experiential Effects ◽  
Female Mating Preferences ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract While many mating preferences have a genetic basis, the question remains as to whether and how learning/experience can modify individual mate choice decisions. We used wild-caught (predator-experienced) and F1 laboratory-reared (predator-naïve) invasive Western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis from China to test whether mating preferences (assessed in a first mate choice test) would change under immediate predation threat. The same individuals were tested in a second mate choice test during which 1 of 3 types of animated predators was presented: 1) a co-occurring predator, 2) a co-evolved but not currently co-occurring predator, and 3) a non-piscivorous species as control. We compared preference scores derived from both mate choice tests to separate innate from experiential effects of predation. We also asked whether predator-induced changes in mating preferences would differ between sexes or depend on the choosing individual’s personality type and/or body size. Wild-caught fish altered their mate choice decisions most when exposed to the co-occurring predator whereas laboratory-reared individuals responded most to the co-evolved predator, suggesting that both innate mechanisms and learning effects are involved. This behavior likely reduces individuals’ risk of falling victim to predation by temporarily moving away from high-quality (i.e., conspicuous) mating partners. Accordingly, effects were stronger in bolder than shyer, large- compared with small-bodied, and female compared with male focal individuals, likely because those phenotypes face an increased predation risk overall. Our study adds to the growing body of literature appreciating the complexity of the mate choice process, where an array of intrinsic and extrinsic factors interacts during decision-making.

scholarly journals Competitive Interactions of Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus L.) Cytotypes in Submersed and Emergent Experimental Aquatic Plant Communities

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan E. Harms
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Depth Gradient ◽  
Common Garden Experiments

The ability to invade communities in a variety of habitats (e.g., along a depth gradient) may facilitate establishment and spread of invasive plants, but how multiple lineages of a species perform under varying conditions is understudied. A series of greenhouse common garden experiments were conducted in which six diploid and four triploid populations of the aquatic invasive plant Butomus umbellatus L. (Butomaceae) were grown in submersed or emergent conditions, in monoculture or in a multispecies community, to compare establishment and productivity of cytotypes under competition. Diploid biomass overall was 12 times higher than triploids in the submersed experiment and three times higher in the emergent experiment. Diploid shoot:root ratio was double that of triploid plants in submersed conditions overall, and double in emergent conditions in monoculture. Relative interaction intensities (RII) indicated that triploid plants were sixteen times more negatively impacted by competition under submersed conditions but diploid plants were twice as impacted under emergent conditions. Recipient communities were similarly negatively impacted by B. umbellatus cytotypes. This study supports the idea that diploid and triploid B. umbellatus plants are equally capable of invading emergent communities, but that diploid plants may be better adapted for invading in submersed habitats. However, consistently lower shoot:root ratios in both monoculture and in communities suggests that triploid plants may be better-adapted competitors in the long term due to increased resource allocation to roots. This represents the first examination into the role of cytotype and habitat on competitive interactions of B. umbellatus.

Audience effect alters male but not female mating preferences

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Plath ◽  
Katja Kromuszczynski ◽  
Ralph Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Audience Effect ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Female Mating ◽  
Female Mating Preferences

Computer Animations as a Tool in the Study of Mating Preferences

Behaviour ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
pp. 1137-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Bakker ◽  
Reto Künzler
Keyword(s):  
Computer Animation ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Computer Animations ◽  
Female Mating ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Female Mating Preferences ◽  
Male Signals ◽  
Multiple Male

AbstractThe study of multiple female mating preferences and multiple male signals requires correct and precise measurement of preferences. A review is given of existing preference test paradigms. Non-interactive preference tests using computer animations perfectly fulfil the demands for the study of multiple preferences for visual traits: exclusion of confounding variables, exclusion of variation within and between male pairs, great potential of experimental manipulation of single and combinations of visual traits including behaviour. We give a detailed description for the production of computer animation movies based on commercial software. Finally, we show how computer animations can be properly applied to the testing of mating preferences. In sticklebacks, female mating preferences that were tested in this way agreed with preferences that were measured with other test paradigms.

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