scholarly journals Landscape structure influences avian species diversity in tropical urban mosaics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trymore Muderere ◽  
Amon Murwira ◽  
Paradzayi Tagwireyi ◽  
Ngoni Chiweshe
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Shape Complexity

AbstractIn this study, we tested whether urban landscape structure influences avian species diversity using data for Harare, Zimbabwe. Initially, we quantified landscape structure using fragmentation indices derived from a 5m resolution SPOT 5 imagery. We collected bird species data through field-based observations of birds at 35 locations occurring in five land use/land cover types. We quantified avian species diversity using Barger-Parker, Menhinick and Simpson’s Indices. Regression analysis was used to determine the nature and strength of the relationships between avian species diversity and fragmentation indices. Results indicated that woodland specialist avian species are negatively associated with landscape fragmentation, while grassland specialist and generalist avian species positively responded to patch edge density, habitat patch size and shape complexity. Overall, our results suggest that changes in landscape structure due to expansion of built-up areas in tropical urban areas may influence avian species diversity.

scholarly journals Landscape Transformations in Rapidly Developing Peri-urban Areas of Accra, Ghana: Results of 30 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Ashiagbor ◽  
Clifford Amoako ◽  
Stephen B. Asabere ◽  
Jonathan A. Quaye-Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
Landscape Transformations

Abstract Beyond the loss of peri-urban agricultural and forested land as a result of built-up expansion, not much information exists on the changes in the structure of the peri-urban landscape in Ghana. The aim of this paper is to examine the extent to which urban expansion is driving changes in landscape structure of the peri-urban fringes of Accra. We submit that rapid peri-urbanisation will fragment the existing agricultural and forested landscape with consequent ecological, socio-economic and urban governance implications. Using Landsat satellite images for the years 1985, 1991, 2002 and 2015 the study area was classified into four land cover classes. The study adopted the use of Urban Intensity Index (UII) and the Annual Rate of Urbanization (R) as measures of urbanization. Edge density (ED), largest patch index (LPI) and Aggregation index (AI) were used as proxies to measure landscape structural transformations. The study reveals substantial reductions and fragmentation in agricultural lands, riverine and open forests, while there has been over 200 percent increase in built-up areas. Beyond these revelations in spatiotemporal changes in landscape structure, the paper points to the ecological implications of the changes, and three key socio-economic and urban governance implications.

scholarly journals Avian species–area relationships indicate that towns are not different from natural areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMONE FATTORINI ◽  
GIULIA LIN ◽  
CRISTINA MANTONI
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Bird Richness ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Human Density

SUMMARYUrban areas host many bird species, and urban species richness can be compared with that in natural areas using species–area relationships (SARs). We used a multimodel selection approach to investigate the influence of area, human population, elevation and climatic variables on species richness of breeding birds from 34 towns and 54 nature reserves in Italy. Using the linearized power function, area was identified as the most important correlate of avian species richness in both urban and natural areas. The SARs did not differ significantly between towns and reserves, although human density had a negative effect on bird richness. These findings underline the possible importance of urban areas in biodiversity conservation, but also stress that human density is a factor reducing species richness. However, species richness alone cannot inform conservation priorities because it does not take into account the different conservation values of species.

scholarly journals Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
URFI IZZATI ◽  
HAYATI SARI HASIBUAN
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Riparian Tree

Abstract. Izzati U, Hasibuan HS. 2019. Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 595-603. Riparian is a riverbank area that has unique characteristics. It is a combination of terrestrial with aquatic habitats so that riparian ecosystems have high biodiversity values. Riparian is included in a protected area that is naturally designated for vegetation, but in reality, riparian areas, especially in urban areas, have a lot of conversion of land functions by humans so that it can disrupt diversity of tree and bird species. This study aims to identify the diversity of tree and bird species and the correlation between the two. Riparian length of Cisadane River, South Tangerang City is 20.15 km. The method used was plot line with size of 20 m x 20 m for tree data and line transect for bird data by systematic sampling with a random start then analyzed using Shannon Wiener index. The results obtained were found 22 tree species included in 11 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.707 and 40 bird species belonging to 25 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.794. The diversity of tree and bird species is classified as medium. The results of the analysis using the Pearson correlation between the diversity of tree with bird species obtained that there was no relationship between the two. Based on these results, riparian zones in urban areas need to be maintained and improved in quality so that the diversity of tree and bird species increases so as to create a stable ecosystem.

scholarly journals Influence of Landscape Structure on Toucans and Parrots in the Fragmented Landscape of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292110499
Author(s):  
Marisela Martínez-Ruiz ◽  
Miguel A. De Labra-Hernández ◽  
Fernando César Gonçalves Bonfim ◽  
Eliana Cazetta
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Los Tuxtlas ◽  
Habitat Amount ◽  
Positive Effects

Background and Research Aims: Habitat amount plays an important role in determining the presence and abundance of bird species in modified landscapes, whereas habitat fragmentation has shown little effects. Toucans (Ramphastidae) and parrots (Psittacidae) are large-bodied primary consumers and among the most representative birds in Neotropical forests. They are highly sensitive to habitat loss; nevertheless, their response to fragmentation has been poorly assessed leading to contradictory results. Here, we evaluate the influence of landscape structure on toucans and parrots in the tropical forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Methods: We censused birds in 12 landscapes of Los Tuxtlas and used a multi-scale landscape approach to assess the influence of landscape composition and configuration on the number of individuals of toucans and parrots. Results: We found that the most important and positive predictor of toucans and parrots was the amount of primary forest cover in the landscape. Forest fragmentation had positive effects on the number of toucan individuals, whereas parrots had negative responses to patch density but positive responses to edge density in the landscape. Conclusion: Our results suggest that primary forest loss is the main threat for toucans and parrots in Los Tuxtlas. Implications for conservation: Future conservation and land management must consider the protection of large and small remnants of primary forest and avoid additional forest loss in order to preserve toucan and parrots and their functional roles in human-modified Neotropical landscapes.

Bird communities and the structure of urban habitats

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2358-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Lancaster ◽  
William E. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Urban Habitats ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Bird Density ◽  
Bird Species Diversity

We examine relationships between bird communities and habitat structure along a gradient of urban habitats in Vancouver, B.C. Bird species diversity, evenness of species abundances, and numbers of species increase with foliage height diversity and total vegetation as they do in "natural" habitats. Few ecological niches for birds are enhanced by man-made features of the urban environment. Bird species diversity is actually inversely related to the apparent increase in habitat diversity contributed by elements of the built environment. While limited to a few niches, food provided by man has a major effect on density and distribution of birds in urban areas. Therefore, despite declining natural productivity and species diversity, total bird density does not decline across the Vancouver urban gradient. Overall, available habitat and food in highly urbanized environments strongly favour the few cavity-nesting, ground-feeding graminivorous or omnivorous bird species that have already come to dominate.

scholarly journals Diversity, relative abundance, and habitat association of avian species in Tara Gedam Monastery forest and adjacent habitats, Northwestern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Endihnew Tessfa ◽  
Dessalegn Ejigu ◽  
Gezahegn Degife ◽  
Nega Tassie
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Forest Patch

  Birds are important bio-indicators and provide various ecosystem services including pollination, dispersal, and pest control. However, they are threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation. Study on species diversity, relative abundance, and habitat associations of avifauna were conducted in Tara Gedam Monastery forest patch and associated habitats from July 2016 to April 2017. Stratified random sampling approach was used to classify habitats and select sampling plots based on vegetation type. Consequently, forest, bushland, farmland, and plantation habitats were used for data collection. Point count and line transect methods were used to collect data, and Shannon-Weiner and Simpson’s diversity indices were used to estimate the avian species diversity. One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare avian relative abundance and richness among the different habitat types. A total of 98 species of birds belonging to 14 orders and 41 families were recorded in Tara Gedam Monastery forest and associated habitats. Eighty-seven resident bird species and eleven Palearctic migrants were identified of which seven species are endemic to Ethiopia and Eritrea. The highest avian diversity (H’=4.23) was recorded in the study area during the wet season.The highest species similarity index (SI=0.47) was recorded between forest and bushland habitats during the wet season, while the lowest similarity index (SI=0.07) was found between bush-land and farmland habitats during the dry season. Species richness and relative abundance of bird species varied between the wet and dry seasons. Besides birds, Tara Gedam Monastery forest supports a large number of other wild fauna species, which indicates the area’s potential to support biodiversity. Therefore, there must be a collaborative work between the monastery and different governmental and non-governmental organizations to protect the entire ecosystem in order to conserve the whole biodiversity of the area in general and the avifauna in particular.

scholarly journals Birds and Land Classes in Young Forested Landscapes

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice B. Hanberry ◽  
Phillip Hanberry ◽  
Stephen Demarais
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Limnothlypis Swainsonii ◽  
Akaike’S Information Criteria

In the Mississippi Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States, we explored relationships among bird species and vegetation types and landscape characteristics at four different scales. We modeled abundance of priority avian species from Breeding Bird Surveys using land class metrics at 0.24, 1, 3, and 5-km extents. Our modeling method was logistic regression and model selection was based on Akaike’s Information Criteria and validation with reserved data. Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), red-headed woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), northern parula (Parula americana), Swainson’s warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii), prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor), hooded warbler (Wilsonia citrina), and brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) had models containing positive area or core area variables. White-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus) and gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) had models with a combination of area and edge associations at different scales. Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), red-bellied woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus), wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), and yellow-breasted chat (Icteria virens) had positive edge density models. Modeling at different scales produced more complete habitat associations for most species and landscape variables were more influential at larger extents than the smallest extent. Although Mississippi is heavily forested, the landscape is unexpectedly fragmented, with small areal extents of vegetation types. Managers should seek to provide large extents of a variety of habitats, including historically representative vegetation types such as low density pine, to support persistence of a complete suite of avian species.

scholarly journals Bird diversity, composition and response during COVID-19 in an urban landscape, Jamalpur, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-274
Author(s):  
Ashikur Rahman Shome ◽  
M Firoj Jaman ◽  
Md Fazle Rabbe ◽  
Md Mahabub Alam
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
Pycnonotus Cafer ◽  
Resident Bird

The world has been encountering a COVID-19 pandemic since late 2019. The world’s people have also witnessed the free movement of wildlife, even in many urban areas in some countries during the imposed lockdown. We conducted research on the birds in the urban landscape of Jamalpur Sadar upazila from March 2020 to October 2020 during this pandemic situation. A total of 134 species of birds with 4338 individuals were recorded during the study period. The number of resident bird species was the maximum (115 species, 85.82%) compared to migrants. The highest number of birds was observed (120 species, 89.55%) and counted 2278 individual birds 52.51%) in the summer season. It was observed that the highest diversity of birds (89 species, 65.92%) was in March. The tree was the most (94 species, n = 2502) used microhabitat by birds in the study area. Among all birds, Pycnonotus cafer was the most abundant bird species with the highest relative abundance (6.11%). Some bird species (e.g. Metopidius indicus, Anastomus oscitans, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Streptopelia tranquebarica, Lonchura malacca) were frequently observed in the urban landscape of the study area during the pandemic. Proper management and awareness creation are essential for the conservation of the bird species in this area. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 261-274, 2021 (July)

The Use of Spatial Metrics and Population Data in Mapping the Rural-Urban Transition and Exploring Models of Urban Growth in Hanoi, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-168
Author(s):  
Du’o’ng H. Nông ◽  
Jefferson M. Fox ◽  
Sumeet Saksena ◽  
Christopher A. Lepczyk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Spatial Metrics ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
Reliable Methods

The process by which cities (or urban areas) expand over time has remained a key focus for geographers, ecologists and other scientists interested in urban phenomena for decades. This study investigated the use of spatial metrics and population data for defining and mapping rural-urban transition zones in Hanoi and exploring urban growth models. The analysis showed that in 2010, about 30% of communes within Hanoi could be defined as rural, 38% as peri-urban and 32% as urban. The peri-urban communes showed a greater level of landscape fragmentation and a higher pace of population growth than rural communes. The urban landscape of Hanoi in 2010 shows characteristics of both transportation corridors and dispersed sites models—the two least eco-friendly models of urbanization. This study provides an effective method for mapping such rural-urban transition and identifies forms of urbanization in places where other socio-economic data sources are limited. This is particularly useful for planners and development agencies that require reliable methods for collecting and analysing data, which can enable them to assess variables along the rural-to-urban continuum.

scholarly journals An annotated checklist of birds of Paraje Tres Cerros, Corrientes province, Argentina

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-443
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Fernandez ◽  
Luz Thomann ◽  
Blas Fandiño ◽  
Rodrigo Cajade ◽  
Alejandra Hernando
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Rocky Outcrops ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
Northeastern Argentina

We provide an updated checklist of birds of a unique landscape in northeastern Argentina, which is characterized by three isolated, rocky outcrops and their surrounding agroecosystem. We recorded 188 bird species, including nine that are globally or nationally threatened. We highlight the presence of several grassland-specialist birds of conservation concern. Of the species recorded, 80.6% are residents and 17.7% are migrants. The heterogeneity of the landscape and its structural complexity accounts the existence of a high avian species diversity, which includes both generalists and specialists. This study confirms the conservation value of this ecosystem, due both to the rocky outcrops and grassland matrix. Grasslands are one of the most threatened biomes in the world.

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