scholarly journals Retinotopic maps of visual space in the human cerebellum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. van Es ◽  
W. van der Zwaag ◽  
T. Knapen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Visuospatial Cognition ◽  
Retinotopic Maps ◽  
Oculomotor Vermis ◽  
Human Cerebellum ◽  
Visual Field Maps

While the cerebellum is instrumental for motor control, it is not traditionally implicated in vision. Here, we report the existence of 5 ipsilateral visual field maps in the human cerebellum. These maps are located within the oculomotor vermis and cerebellar nodes of the dorsal attention and visual networks. These findings imply that the cerebellum is closely involved in visuospatial cognition, and that its contributions are anchored in sensory coordinates.

scholarly journals Retinotopic Organization of Scene Areas in Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Arcaro ◽  
Margaret S. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Polar Angle ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Inferior Temporal Cortex ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Retinotopic Maps ◽  
Mirror Reversal ◽  
Visual Field Maps

ABSTRACTPrimates have specialized domains in inferior temporal (IT) cortex that are responsive to particular image categories. Though IT traditionally has been regarded as lacking retinotopy, several recent studies in monkeys have shown that retinotopic maps extend to face patches along the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) in IT cortex. Here, we confirm the presence of visual field maps within and around the lower bank of the STS and extend these prior findings to scene-selective cortex in the ventral-most regions of IT. Within the occipito-temporal sulcus (OTS), we identified two retinotopic areas, OTS1 and OTS2. The polar angle representation of OTS2 was a mirror reversal of the OTS1 representation. These regions contained representations of the contralateral periphery and were selectively active for scene vs. face, body, or object images. The extent of this retinotopy parallels that in humans and shows that the organization of the scene network is preserved across primate species. In addition retinotopic maps were identified in dorsal extrastriate, posterior parietal, and frontal cortex as well as the thalamus, including both the LGN and pulvinar. Taken together, it appears that most, if not all, of the macaque visual system contains organized representations of visual space.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrimates have specialized domains in inferior temporal (IT) cortex that are responsive to particular image categories. Though retinotopic maps are considered a fundamental organizing principle of posterior visual cortex, IT traditionally has been regarded as lacking retinotopy. Recent imaging studies have demonstrated the presence of several visual field maps within lateral IT. Using neuroimaging, we found multiple representations of visual space within ventral IT cortex of macaques that included scene-selective IT cortex. The scene domains were biased towards the peripheral visual field. These data demonstrate the prevalence of visual field maps throughout the primate visual system, including late stages in the ventral visual hierarchy, and support the idea that domains representing different categories are biased towards different parts of the visual field.

scholarly journals Visual numerosity estimation is based on anisotropic representations of visual space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Li ◽  
Bert Reynvoet ◽  
Bilge Sayim
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Convex Hull ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Spatial Vision ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Numerosity Estimation ◽  
Numerosity Perception ◽  
Average Eccentricity ◽  
Shed Light

Humans can estimate the number of visually displayed items without counting. This capacity of numerosity perception has often been attributed to a dedicated system to estimate numerosity, or alternatively to the exploitation of various stimulus features, such as density, convex hull, the size of items and occupancy area. The distribution of the presented items is usually not varied with eccentricity in the visual field. However, our visual fields are highly asymmetric, and to date, it is unclear how inhomogeneities of the visual field impact numerosity perception. Besides eccentricity, a pronounced asymmetry is the radial-tangential anisotropy. For example, in crowding, radially placed flankers interfere more strongly with target perception than tangentially placed flankers. Similarly, in redundancy masking, the number of perceived items in repeating patterns is reduced when the items are arranged radially but not when they are arranged tangentially. Here, we investigated whether numerosity perception is subject to the radial-tangential anisotropy of spatial vision to shed light on the underlying topology of numerosity perception. Observers were presented with varying numbers of discs and asked to report the perceived number. There were two conditions. Discs were predominantly arranged radially in the “radial” condition and tangentially in the “tangential” condition. Additionally, the spacing between discs was scaled with eccentricity. Physical properties, such as average eccentricity, average spacing, convex hull, and density were kept as similar as possible in the two conditions. Radial arrangements were expected to yield underestimation compared to tangential arrangements. Consistent with the hypothesis, numerosity estimates in the radial condition were lower compared to the tangential condition. Magnitudes of radial alignment (as well as predicted crowding strength) correlated with the observed numerosity estimates. Our results demonstrate a robust radial-tangential anisotropy, suggesting that the topology of spatial vision determines numerosity estimation. We suggest that asymmetries of spatial vision should be taken into account when investigating numerosity estimation.

scholarly journals Idiosyncratic Perception: A Link Between Acuity, Perceived Position, and Apparent Size

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixuan Wang ◽  
Yuki Murai ◽  
David Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Apparent Size ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Vernier Acuity ◽  
Visual Hierarchy ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractPerceiving the positions of objects is a prerequisite for most other visual and visuomotor functions, but human perception of object position varies from one individual to the next. The source of these individual differences in perceived position and their perceptual consequences are unknown. Here, we tested whether idiosyncratic biases in the underlying representation of visual space propagate across different levels of visual processing. In Experiment 1, using a position matching task, we found stable, observer-specific compressions and expansions within local regions throughout the visual field. We then measured Vernier acuity (Experiment 2) and perceived size of objects (Experiment 3) across the visual field and found that individualized spatial distortions were closely associated with variations in both visual acuity and apparent object size. Our results reveal idiosyncratic biases in perceived position and size, originating from a heterogeneous spatial resolution that carries across the visual hierarchy.

scholarly journals Visual field map clusters in human cortex

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1456) ◽  
pp. 693-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A Wandell ◽  
Alyssa A Brewer ◽  
Robert F Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
General Properties ◽  
Visual Field Maps

We describe the location and general properties of nine human visual field maps. The cortical location of each map, as well as many examples of the eccentricity and angular representations within these maps, are shown in a series of images that summarize a large set of functional MRI data. The organization and properties of these maps are compared and contrasted with descriptions by other investigators. We hypothesize that the human visual field maps are arranged in several clusters, each comprising a group of maps that share a common foveal representation and semicircular eccentricity map. The spatial organization of these clusters suggests that the perceptual processing within each cluster serves related functions.

scholarly journals Idiosyncratic perception: a link between acuity, perceived position and apparent size

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1930) ◽  
pp. 20200825
Author(s):  
Zixuan Wang ◽  
Yuki Murai ◽  
David Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Apparent Size ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Vernier Acuity ◽  
Visual Hierarchy ◽  
Different Levels

Perceiving the positions of objects is a prerequisite for most other visual and visuomotor functions, but human perception of object position varies from one individual to the next. The source of these individual differences in perceived position and their perceptual consequences are unknown. Here, we tested whether idiosyncratic biases in the underlying representation of visual space propagate across different levels of visual processing. In Experiment 1, using a position matching task, we found stable, observer-specific compressions and expansions within local regions throughout the visual field. We then measured Vernier acuity (Experiment 2) and perceived size of objects (Experiment 3) across the visual field and found that individualized spatial distortions were closely associated with variations in both visual acuity and apparent object size. Our results reveal idiosyncratic biases in perceived position and size, originating from a heterogeneous spatial resolution that carries across the visual hierarchy.

scholarly journals Rivalry Onset in and around the Fovea: The Role of Visual Field Location and Eye Dominance on Perceptual Dominance Bias

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Jody Stanley ◽  
Jason D. Forte ◽  
Olivia Carter
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Eye Dominance ◽  
Initial Onset ◽  
Onset Period ◽  
Trained Observers ◽  
Field Location

When dissimilar images are presented to each eye, the images will alternate every few seconds in a phenomenon known as binocular rivalry. Recent research has found evidence of a bias towards one image at the initial ‘onset’ period of rivalry that varies across the peripheral visual field. To determine the role that visual field location plays in and around the fovea at onset, trained observers were presented small orthogonal achromatic grating patches at various locations across the central 3° of visual space for 1-s and 60-s intervals. Results reveal stronger bias at onset than during continuous rivalry, and evidence of temporal hemifield dominance across observers, however, the nature of the hemifield effects differed between individuals and interacted with overall eye dominance. Despite using small grating patches, a high proportion of mixed percept was still reported, with more mixed percept at onset along the vertical midline, in general, and in increasing proportions with eccentricity in the lateral hemifields. Results show that even within the foveal range, onset rivalry bias varies across visual space, and differs in degree and sensitivity to biases in average dominance over continuous viewing.

Abnormal visual field maps in human cortex: A mini-review and a case report

Cortex ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen V. Haak ◽  
Dave R.M. Langers ◽  
Remco Renken ◽  
Pim van Dijk ◽  
Johannes Borgstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
Visual Field Maps ◽  
Abnormal Visual

Multidimensional visual field maps: Relationships among local psychophysical and local electrophysiological measures

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (3A) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Seiple ◽  
Karen Holopigian ◽  
Janet P. Szlyk ◽  
Carolyn Wu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Field Maps

scholarly journals On your mark, get set: Brainstem circuitry underlying saccadic initiation

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 934-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P Munoz ◽  
M C Dorris ◽  
M Paré ◽  
S Everling
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Motor Behaviour ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
Brainstem Reticular Formation ◽  
Behavioural Performance ◽  
Situational Experience

Saccades are rapid eye movements that are used to move the visual axis toward targets of interest in the visual field. The time to initiate a saccade is dependent upon many factors. Here we review some of the recent advances in our understanding of the these processes in primates. Neurons in the superior colliculus and brainstem reticular formation are organised into a network to control saccades. Some neurons are active during visual fixation, while others are active during the preparation and execution of saccades. Several factors can influence the excitability levels of these neurons prior to the appearance of a new saccadic target. These pre-target changes in excitability are correlated to subsequent changes in behavioural performance. Our results show how neuronal signals in the superior colliculus and brainstem reticular formation can be shaped by contextual factors and demonstrate how situational experience can expedite motor behaviour via the advanced preparation of motor programs.Key words: superior colliculus, reticular formation, eye movement, saccade, motor preparation, motor control.

scholarly journals Erratum: Corrigendum: Visual field maps and stimulus selectivity in human ventral occipital cortex

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1411-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa A Brewer ◽  
Junjie Liu ◽  
Alex R Wade ◽  
Brian A Wandell
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Visual Field Maps
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