In this paper, we investigate the geometric phase of the field interacting with a moving four-level atom in the presence of Kerr medium. The results show that the atomic motion, the field-mode structure and Kerr medium play important roles in the evolution of the system dynamics. As illustration, we examine the behavior of the geometric phase and entanglement with experimentally accessible parameters. Some new aspects are observed and discussed.
Current urbanisation trends in India show a quantum jump in number of ‘census towns’, which are not statutorily declared as urban areas, but have acquired all characteristics of urban settlements. Sizeable number of such census towns are not located near any Class 1 city. Lack of proper and timely planning has led to unplanned growth of these settlements. This article is based on a review of planning legislations, institutional framework and planning process of four states in India. The present article analyses the scope and limitations of the planning process adopted in the rapidly urbanising rural areas of these states. The findings reveal that states are still following a conventional approach to planning that treats ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ as separate categories and highlights the need for adopting an integrated territorial approach to planning of settlements.
The influence of mass center motion on -type three-level atom dynamics
