scholarly journals Perspectives on Li and transition metal fluoride phosphates as cathode materials for a new generation of Li-ion batteries

IUCrJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Antipov ◽  
Nellie R. Khasanova ◽  
Stanislav S. Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Metal Fluoride ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
New Generation

To satisfy the needs of rapidly growing applications, Li-ion batteries require further significant improvements of their key properties: specific energy and power, cyclability, safety and costs. The first generation of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries based on mixed oxides with either spinel or rock-salt derivatives has already been widely commercialized, but the potential to improve the performance of these materials further is almost exhausted. Li and transition metal inorganic compounds containing different polyanions are now considered as the most promising cathode materials for the next generation of Li-ion batteries. Further advances in cathode materials are considered to lie in combining different anions [such as (XO4)n−and F−] in the anion sublattice, which is expected to enhance the specific energy and power of these materials. This review focuses on recent advances related to the new class of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries containing phosphate and fluoride anions. Special attention is given to their crystal structures and the relationships between structure and properties, which are important for their possible practical applications.

scholarly journals Impact of Crystallography on Design of Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C20-C20
Author(s):  
Evgeny Antipov ◽  
Nellie Khasanova
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Li Ion

Ninety percent of the energy produced today come from fossil fuels, making dramatically negative impact on our future due to rapid consumption of these energy sources, ecological damage and climate change. This justifies development of the renewable energy sources and concurrently efficient large storage devices capable to replace fossil fuels. Li-ion batteries have originally been developed for portable electronic devices, but nowadays new application niches are envisaged in electric vehicles and stationary energy storages. However, to satisfy the needs of these rapidly growing applications, Li-ion batteries require further significant improvement of their properties: capacity and power, cyclability, safety and cost. Cathode is the key part of the Li-ion batteries largely determining their performance. Severe requirements are imposed on a cathode material, which should provide fast reversible intercalation of Li-ions at redox potential close to the upper boundary of electrolyte stability window, possess relatively low molecular weight and exhibit small volume variation upon changing Li-concentration. First generation of the cathode materials for the Li-ion batteries based on the spinel (LiM2O4, M – transition metal) or rock-salt derivatives (LiMO2) has already been widely commercialised. However, the potential to further improve the performance of these materials is almost exhausted. The compounds, containing lithium and transition metal cations together with different polyanions (XmOn)p- (X=B, P, S, Si), are now considered as the most promising cathode materials for the next generation of the Li-ion batteries. Covalently-bonded structural frameworks in these compounds offer long-term structural stability, which is essential for good cyclability and safety. Further advantages are expected from combining different anions (such as (XO4)p- and F- ) in the anion sublattice, with the hope to enhance the specific energy and power of these materials. Various fluoride-phosphates and fluoride-sulphates have been recently discovered, and some of them exhibit attractive electrochemical performance. An overview of the research on the cathode materials for the Li-ion batteries will be presented with special emphasis on crystallography as a guide towards improved properties important for practical applications.

Transition-metal chlorides as conversion cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Zhong X. Chen ◽  
Yu L. Cao ◽  
Xin P. Ai ◽  
Han X. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Li Ion

Li-rich layer-structured cathode materials for high energy Li-ion batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 1430002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Li ◽  
Kim Seng Lee ◽  
Li Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Materials ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Charge Discharge

Li -rich layer-structured x Li 2 MnO 3 ⋅ (1 - x) LiMO 2 ( M = Mn , Ni , Co , etc.) materials have attracted much attention due to their extraordinarily high reversible capacity as the cathode material in Li -ion batteries. To better understand the nature of this type of materials, this paper reviews history of development of the Li -rich cathode materials, and provides in-depth study on complicated crystal structures and reaction mechanisms during electrochemical charge/discharge cycling. Despite the fabulous capability at low rate, several drawbacks still gap this type of high-capacity cathode materials from practical applications, for instance the large irreversible capacity loss at first cycle, poor rate capability, severe voltage decay and capacity fade during electrochemical charge/discharge cycling. This review will also address mechanisms for these inferior properties and propose various possible solutions to solve above issues for future utilization of these cathode materials in commercial Li -ion batteries.

FUNCTIONAL CATHODE MATERIALS FOR Li-ION BATTERIES — PART I: FUNDAMENTALS

2008 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANINA MOLENDA ◽  
JACEK MARZEC
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Lithium Intercalation ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Materials Used

The paper presents basics of the lithium intercalation process into cathode materials used in lithium batteries. The ability and efficiency of lithium intercalation into transition metal compounds have been shown to depend strongly on their electronic structure. A correlation between chemical bonding, electronic structure and electrochemical properties of the cathode materials Li x M a X b (M = transition metal; X = O , S , Se ) has been pointed out.

An overview of current status and prospects of cathode materials based on transition metal sulfides for magnesium-ion batteries

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Jing Huang ◽  
Yong-Ping Gao ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Hui Lu ◽  
Ya-Xi Pang
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Magnesium Ion ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Transition Metal Sulfides ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Magnesium Ion Batteries

Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are one of the alternatives for current Li-ion batteries (LIBs) as future electronic equipment power with high security, low expense, and long service life. Developing cathode active...

scholarly journals Influence of Al2O3 Coatings on HF Induced Transition Metal Dissolution from Lithium-Ion Cathodes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonas Tesfamhret ◽  
Reza Younesi ◽  
Erik J. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Protective Layers ◽  
Li Ion

Abstract Transition metal (TM) dissolution from oxide cathode materials is a major challenge limiting the performance of modern Li-ion batteries. Coating the cathode materials with thin protective layers has proved to be a successful strategy to prolong their lifetime. Yet, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of the working mechanisms of the coating. Herein, the effect of the most commonly employed coating material, Al2O3, on suppressing hydrofluoric acid(HF)-induced TM dissolution from two state-of-the-art cathode materials, LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2, is investigated. Karl Fischer titration, fluorine selective probe and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry are coupled to determine evolution of H2O, HF and TM concentrations, respectively, when the active materials come in contact with the aged electrolyte. The coating reduces the extent of TM dissolution, in part due to the ability of Al2O3 to scavenge HF and reduce the acidity of the electrolyte. Delithiation of the cathode materials, however, increase the extent of TM dissolution, likely because of the higher vulnerability of surface TMs in +IV oxidation state towards HF attack. In conclusion, the current study evidences the important role of acid-base reactions in governing TM dissolution in Li-ion batteries and shows that coatings protect the cathode towards an acidic electrolyte.

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