Introduction: Old World strategies against New World competition in a globalising wine industry

The first wave of globalization, from 1850 to 1914, is considered to be a period when global trade and investment increased at a steady pace, impacting on global economic growth. Yet that evolution was not consistent across all industries. This article explains why, during that period, global trade in wines and other alcoholic beverages was reversed. Apart from diseases that affected vineyards in the main wine-producing countries of the Old World, various factors in the New World—including local government incentives and the presence of consumers (immigrants) with acquired habits of consumption from European countries—created strong incentives for the imitation and adulteration of wines. This study looks at the strategies used both by the imitators in expanding their businesses and by the innovators to survive in institutional environments that were weak with regard to the protection of their intellectual property.

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Argentina: New World Producers and Old World Consumers

Creating Wine ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691136035.003.0011 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

James Simpson

Keyword(s):

Consumer Choice ◽

New World ◽

Turn Of The Century ◽

Wine Industry ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Old World

This chapter takes a look at the Argentinian wine industry. It first examines the growth of the industry after 1885 and its organization at the turn of the century. The chapter then examines the response of different groups to the major slump in 1901–3 and shows that although attempts to self-regulate the industry were generally successful, wine quality remained poor because consumer choice was determined by price. Finally, the chapter considers the response of different sectors to the collapse in wine prices after 1913 and shows the difficulties leading producers faced in passing the costs of adjustment on to growers and restricting supply.

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Relationship of Old World Pseudoxenodon and New World Dipsadinae, with Comments on Underestimation of Species Diversity of Chinese Pseudoxenodon

Asian Herpetological Research ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1245.2013.00155 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 155-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

ZHANG Baolin ◽

HUANG Song

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

New World ◽

Old World ◽

Relationship Of

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Geographical Indications within the Purview of the WTO as a Tool for the Promotion of Economic Interests and Cultural Heritage: Conflicting Positions between the Old World and the New World and Some Solutions Thereof

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3481312 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jacob Akuo

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

New World ◽

Geographical Indications ◽

Economic Interests ◽

Old World

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COPROLITES OF BONE-CRUSHING CARNIVORES: ABUNDANT IN THE OLD WORLD, RARE IN THE NEW WORLD

10.1130/abs/2019am-336095 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Adrian P. Hunt ◽

◽

Spencer G. Lucas

Keyword(s):

New World ◽

Old World

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Amerigo Vespucci's Contribution to the Modernization of Cartographic Representation

KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information ◽

10.1007/s42489-020-00067-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gyula Pápay

Keyword(s):

New World ◽

De Novo ◽

Old World ◽

University Library ◽

The City

AbstractIn 2019, the Rostock University Library acquired the report by Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512) on transatlantic discoveries, which was published in 1505 by the city secretary Hermann Barckhusen (c 1460–1528/29) in Rostock under the title “Epistola Albericij. De novo mundo” [1505] and, unlike other editions, was published with a map. The special feature of the map is that it is the oldest map with a globular projection. Vespucci reported in a letter dated July 18, 1500 to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici about his voyage 1499–1500, which is an important source for the fact that his longitude determinations contributed to the realization that the transatlantic discoveries were about a continent. The letter also contains evidence that Vespucci was the originator of the globular projection. This marked the beginning of a departure from ancient traditions regarding the projections for world maps. To enable the combined representation of the “old world” together with the “new world” in one map, Vespucci's projection was later modified into an oval map, which was used, for example, by Franzesco Rosselli, Sebastian Münster and Abraham Ortelius.

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SINE Insertions in Cladistic Analyses and the Phylogenetic Affiliations of Tarsius bancanus to Other Primates

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/157.2.777 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 157 (2) ◽

pp. 777-784

Author(s):

Jürgen Schmitz ◽

Martina Ohme ◽

Hans Zischler

Keyword(s):

New World ◽

World Monkey ◽

Old World ◽

Alu Elements ◽

Alu Sequences ◽

Short Interspersed Elements ◽

Divergence Point ◽

Tarsius Bancanus ◽

Cladistic Analyses ◽

The Common

Abstract Transpositions of Alu sequences, representing the most abundant primate short interspersed elements (SINE), were evaluated as molecular cladistic markers to analyze the phylogenetic affiliations among the primate infraorders. Altogether 118 human loci, containing intronic Alu elements, were PCR analyzed for the presence of Alu sequences at orthologous sites in each of two strepsirhine, New World and Old World monkey species, Tarsius bancanus, and a nonprimate outgroup. Fourteen size-polymorphic amplification patterns exhibited longer fragments for the anthropoids (New World and Old World monkeys) and T. bancanus whereas shorter fragments were detected for the strepsirhines and the outgroup. From these, subsequent sequence analyses revealed three Alu transpositions, which can be regarded as shared derived molecular characters linking tarsiers and anthropoid primates. Concerning the other loci, scenarios are represented in which different SINE transpositions occurred independently in the same intron on the lineages leading both to the common ancestor of anthropoids and to T. bancanus, albeit at different nucleotide positions. Our results demonstrate the efficiency and possible pitfalls of SINE transpositions used as molecular cladistic markers in tracing back a divergence point in primate evolution over 40 million years old. The three Alu insertions characterized underpin the monophyly of haplorhine primates (Anthropoidea and Tarsioidea) from a novel perspective.

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