Ownership structure and analysts’ forecast properties: a study of Chinese listed firms

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Pyramidal Ownership ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between ownership structure and the properties of analysts’ forecasts in China’s unique corporate setting. Design/methodology/approach Multiple regression models were used to examine the influence of ownership structure mechanisms on analysts’ forecast properties for listed Chinese firms during the period 2008-2012. Findings The paper finds that analysts’ forecast accuracy is higher for listed firms with high levels of foreign ownership and managerial ownership. However, the complex pyramidal ownership structure could make corporate information less transparent and then increase the complexity of forecasting; hence, it results in less precise analysts’ forecasts. Interestingly, the relationship between state ownership and analysts’ forecast properties appears to be non-linear (an inverted U-shape), and the inflection point at which the relationship becomes negative occurs at state ownership over 45 per cent. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first to investigate the influence of ownership structure mechanisms on the properties of analysts’ forecasts in an emerging market, and the findings provide some insight on how the properties of analysts’ forecast might be shaped by certain ownership and control features in the context of concentrated state ownership and complex pyramidal ownership structure.

scholarly journals Pyramid ownership structure and tax avoidance among Canadian firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Mindzak ◽  
Tao Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Corporate Ownership Structure ◽  
Cash Flow Rights ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between pyramid ownership structure and tax avoidance. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an empirical work using a sample of Canadian listed firms. Findings Relying on several proxies for tax avoidance, the authors find that firms affiliated with pyramidal structures generally engage in more tax avoidance activities than non-affiliated firms; firms affiliated with more complex pyramids engage in more tax avoidance practices and firms located at the lower tiers of the pyramids avoid more taxes; and some pyramid-affiliated firms with larger deviation between controlling shareholders’ cash flow rights and control rights engage in more tax avoidance practices. Social implications A broader understanding of the relationship between pyramidal structure and tax avoidance can be pursued by including firms in other countries, where the pyramid groups (pyramid structure) are prevalent, but institutional environments differ from that of Canada. Originality/value This study highlights the importance of pyramid ownership in shaping tax avoidance activities among Canadian-listed firms. Canada provides an ideal setting for studying the impact of ownership structure, as it contains a diverse corporate ownership structure ranging from widely held freestanding firms to pyramidal business groups.

Ownership structure and tax aggressiveness of Chinese listed companies

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Ying ◽  
Brian Wright ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tax Aggressiveness ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Firm Ownership ◽  
And Control

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of state shareholding and control versus institutional investors on tax aggressiveness of Chinese listed firms. Design/methodology/approach By exploring recently available tax reconciliation data required under 2006 Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises on a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms, the authors calculate a direct measure of tax aggressiveness and investigate the influence of firm ownership structure on their tax aggressiveness. Findings The authors find that state ownership and control are positively associated with corporate tax aggressiveness. A positive link between the collective shareholding by the top ten shareholders and firm tax aggressiveness is also found. In contrast, institutional share ownership is negatively associated with corporate tax aggressiveness. Research limitations/implications The results indicate that political connections and ownership concentration empower firms to pursue aggressive tax planning, whereas institutional investors partially mitigate such influences. Originality/value This paper complements recent studies on tax aggressiveness in the USA by analyzing tax planning activities of Chinese listed firms. The authors highlight firm ownership and control factors that encourage aggressive tax planning in China. This paper has important implications for both public policy and corporate governance in emerging markets similar to China.

Earnings management and audit quality at Damascus securities exchange: Does managerial ownership matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zukaa Mardnly ◽  
Zinab Badran ◽  
Sulaiman Mouselli
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
External Audit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the individual and combined effect of managerial ownership and external audit quality, as two control mechanisms, on earnings management. Design/methodology/approach This study applies ordinary least squares estimates on fixed-time effects panel regression model to test the impact of the investigated variables on earnings management for the whole population of banks and insurance companies listed at Damascus Securities Exchange (DSE) during the period from 2011 to 2018. Findings The empirical evidence suggests a negative non-linear relationship between managerial ownership (as proxied by board of directors’ ownership) on earnings management. However, neither audit quality nor the simultaneous effect of the managerial ownership and audit quality (Big 4) affects earnings management. Research limitations/implications DSE is dominated by the financial sector and the number of observations is constrained by the recent establishment of DSE and the small number of firms listed at DSE. In addition, the non-availability of data on executive directors’ and foreign ownerships restrict our ability to uncover the impact of different dimensions of ownership structure on earnings management. Practical implications First, it stimulates investors to purchase stocks in financial firms that enjoy both high managerial ownership, as they seem enjoying higher earnings quality. Second, the findings encourage external auditors to consider the ownership structure when choosing their clients as the financial statements’ quality is affected by this structure. Third, researchers may need to consider the role of managerial ownership when analyzing the determinants of earnings management. Originality/value It fills the gap in the literature, as it investigates the impact of both managerial ownership and audit quality on earnings management in a special conflict context and in an unexplored emerging market of DSE. It suggests that managerial ownership exerts a significant role in controlling earnings management practices when loose regulatory environment combines conflict conditions. However, external audit quality fails to counter earnings management practices when conditions are fierce.

The nexus between corporate governance and intellectual capital in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Phu Tran ◽  
Loan Thi-Hong Van ◽  
Duc Hong Vo
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between corporate governance and intellectual capital in the context of Vietnam. In this paper, corporate governance is proxied by various characteristics, including board size, a number of independent members in the board, board remuneration, major shareholder holding more than 20 per cent of the outstanding shares and duality of the CEO. In addition, intellectual capital is measured using the modified value-added intellectual coefficient model (MVAIC). Design/methodology/approach The study uses data of 45 Vietnamese listed firms during 2011-2018. The MVAIC model is used incorporating four components, namely, human capital, structural capital, capital used and relational capital. In addition, GMM regression technique is used in this paper. Findings Empirical findings from this paper indicate that key characteristics of corporate governance, except for board remuneration, may provide a negative effect on the efficient use of intellectual capital. Research limitations/implications Intellectual capital emerges as a new field of research that has not been widely examined in emerging countries such as Vietnam. As such, there have not been many studies focusing on understanding intellectual capital and its role in the performance of enterprises. Further studies can evaluate the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate performance, capital structure, corporate value and social responsibility. This study is limited to listed companies in Vietnam because of data limitations in an emerging market. Studies in the future should extend the sample and/or compare differences between manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions, or between countries. Practical implications Findings from this paper provide a valuable framework for executives, managers and policymakers in managing corporate governance and intellectual capital within the Vietnamese context. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study that has been conducted to examine the relationship between corporate governance and intellectual capital in the context of Vietnam.

Dynamic study of corporate governance structure and firm performance in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Shao
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The paper aims to provide a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between corporate governance (CG) structure and firm performance in Chinese listed firms from 2001 to 2015. The authors’ motivation derives from the fact that the CG system in China is different from those in the US, the UK, Germany, Japan and other countries. Design/methodology/approach A large unbalanced sample, covering more than 22,700 observations in Chinese listed firms, was used to explore, by means of a system-generalized method-of-moments (GMM) estimator, the relationship between CG structure and firm performance to remove potential sources of endogeneity. Findings Results show that Chinese CG structure is endogenously determined by the CG mechanisms investigated: there is no relationship between board size (including independent directors) and firm performance; CEO duality has a significantly negative effect on firm performance; concentration of ownership has a significantly positive influence on firm performance; managerial ownership is negatively correlated with firm performance; state ownership has a significantly positive effect on firm performance; and a supervisory board is positively correlated with firm performance. Practical implications The findings provide policymakers and firm managers with useful empirical guidance concerning CG in China. Originality/value Few integrative studies have examined the impact of CG structure on firm performance in China. This study adds new empirical evidence that the relation between CG structure and performance in China is endogenous and dynamic when controlling for unobserved heterogeneity, simultaneity, and dynamic endogeneity.

Effects of ownership structure on the relationship between multinationality and downside risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-421
Author(s):  
Chao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Real Options ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Downside Risk ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Real Options Theory ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how multinationality affects multinational companies’ (MNCs) downside risk and the moderate effects of ownership structure in the setting of emerging markets based on Chinese publicly traded manufacturing MNCs. Design/methodology/approach The author derives hypotheses based on real options theory and agency theory, and tests hypotheses by using Tobit model and a unique data set of Chinese A-shared publicly traded manufacturing MNCs in the period of 2010–2016. Findings The empirical results suggest that multinationality is positively related to downside risk and this effect is subjected to ownership structure for firms in emerging markets. In particular, multinationality of MNCs with a high level of ownership concentration, managerial ownership and institutional ownership is more likely to reduce downside risk. Practical implications The main conclusion of this paper highlights the importance of ownership structure of MNCs in explaining the real options value of multinationality, and conveys to owners of MNCs in China and other emerging markets the need to strengthen firms’ governance if they want to maximize the benefits of multinational operations. Originality/value This study extends existing studies by taking ownership structure into consideration and highlighting the importance of agency problem in the examination of multinationality and downside risk, which provides a potential explanation for previous mixed evidence. This study also provides new evidence for the relationship between multinationality and downside risk by using a unique sample from China, an emerging market country.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance Quality, Ownership Structure, Agency Costs and Firm Performance. Evidence from an Emerging Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Haroon ur Rashid Khan ◽  
Waqas Bin Khidmat ◽  
Osama Al Hares ◽  
Naeem Muhammad ◽  
Kashif Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Agency Cost ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
Corporate Governance Quality ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of corporate governance quality and ownership structure on the relationship between the agency cost and firm performance. Both the fixed-effects model and a more robust dynamic panel generalized method of moment estimation are applied to Chinese A-listed firms for the years 2008 to 2016. The results show that the agency–performance relationship is positively moderated by (1) corporate governance quality, (2) ownership concentration, and (3) non-state ownership. State ownership has a negative effect on the agency–performance relationship. Various robust tests of an alternative measure of agency cost confirm our main conclusions. The analysis adds to the empirical literature on agency theory by providing useful insights into how corporate governance and ownership concentration can help mitigate agency–performance relationship. It also highlights the impact of ownership type on the relationship between agency cost and firm performance. Our study supports the literature that agency cost and firm performance are negatively related to the Chinese listed firms. The investors should keep in mind the proxies of agency cost while choosing a specific stock. Secondly; the abuse of managerial appropriation is higher in state-held firms as compared to non-state firms. Policymakers can use these results to devise the investor protection rules so that managerial appropriation can be minimized.

scholarly journals Ownership structure and corporate diversification decision: a study of Vietnamese listed firms

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Nam Phung ◽  
Thi Bich Nguyet Phan ◽  
Thi Lien Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Thi Phuong Vy Le
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Corporate Diversification ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
The Impact

This research examines the impact of the ownership structure on corporate diversification decision of listed firms in Vietnam over the period of 2007 and 2012. The empirical results from logit model show that while state ownership has positive impact on corporate diversification decisions of the firms, foreign ownership has negative impact on corporate diversification decision of the firms. This implies that government ownership tends to encourage corporate diversification strategy, while foreign ownership may plays monitoring role and discourage corporate diversification strategy in emerging market context.

Profitability, state ownership, tax reporting and corporate social responsibility: evidence from Chinese listed firms

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bixia Xu ◽  
Tao Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Reporting Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Tax Reporting ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This paper aims to examine corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of listed Chinese firms. In particular, it examines the relationships between CSR and profitability, state ownership and tax reporting behavior. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is an empirical study using CSR reports published by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and financial data collected from the China Stock Market Financial Statement Database (CSMAR). Findings – The paper finds that state ownership is positively associated with CSR and its three components including the governance, social and environmental scores; firm profitability is positively associated with CSR and its market score; and tax reporting behavior is negatively associated with the environmental score. But the result is weak. Research limitations/implications – The results in this study should be treated with some caution as the sample size of 85 observations represents only a small fraction of China’s listed firms. A larger sample size is desirable and may affect our results. Social implications – This paper is of interest to policy-makers, corporate management and academics who wish to explore the relationship between CSR and other firm characteristics. Originality/value – This paper is the first study which provides a comprehensive examination of CSR and its four components in connection with Chinese firms. In particular, it examines the relationship between CSR and profitability and state ownership.

Regulatory pressure, blockholders and corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zheng ◽  
Nauzer Balsara ◽  
Haiyu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Csr Reporting ◽  
Regulatory Pressure ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the relationship between external regulation pressure and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting decision and comprehensiveness and the relationship between block ownership and CSR in China. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides descriptive statistics of the current state of CSR reporting in China. In addition, regression models are utilized to analyze the behavior of CSR reporting of a sample of 5,334 listed firms in China. Findings – Our paper records a significant increase of CSR reporting in the period of 2008-2010. Using a sample of 5,334 listed firms in China, we find a positive yet weak association between centrally controlled state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and CSR reports. Moreover, we find that firms with more concentrated block ownership are less likely to issue CSR reports. Research limitations/implications – Taken as a whole, our analyses suggest that the entrenchment effect from blockholders seems to dominate the incentive effect and this depresses the quality of CSR reports. Practical implications – Despite the well-known effect of economic factors on CSR decision, corporate governance such as ownership structure could complicate the final results. Furthermore, the institutional background of the country and its implications for corporate governance should be considered jointly and concurrently. Social implications – The positive effect from regulatory pressure on centrally owned SOEs suggests that regulation remains an effective tool to encourage CSR reporting in emerging markets. Originality/value – First, our study confirms prior research that CSR disclosure decision is primarily driven by economic and strategic considerations. Moreover, our results suggest that a country’s institutional background, in addition to economic and strategic considerations, influences the decision and quality of CSR disclosures. Second, we extend the literature on ownership structure, particularly with respect to blockholders. Third, our research design addresses a weakness in earlier studies which are biased exclusively on state ownership to the exclusion of all other blockholders.

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