Education gap between second-generation migrants and natives and the role of intergenerational transmission of education

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-317
Author(s):  
Nicolas Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Education Gaps ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Education ◽  
Second Generation Migrants

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role played by parental education endowments vs intergenerational transmission of education in education differences between second-generation immigrants and natives for the French case. Design/methodology/approach First, estimates of human capital accumulation functions are performed by using a representative sample of the French population. Second, the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique is implemented to underline the specific roles of differences in parental education endowments and of differences in intergenerational transmission in education between origins. Findings The econometric estimates of human capital accumulation function parameters underline that the determinants of education level (and their magnitude), differ substantially between natives and migrants. They also underline evidence of heterogeneity in the intergenerational transmission of education among the different origins of migrants in France. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition results show that parental education endowments account differences for a significant part of the education gaps among origins. No evidence is found that differences in parental transmissions of education explain these gaps. Originality/value The paper focusses on France, a country with a rich history of immigration in the twentieth century. The econometric analysis is based on a rich source of data for France that allows studying intergenerational mobility in education and also distinguishing natives from second-generation migrants based on their geographical origin.

Intergenerational transmission of human capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-680
Author(s):  
Md Nasir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Student Loan ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find the rate of intergenerational transmission of human capital and comparative schooling attainment between lower and higher income families using the labor force survey in Thailand. Design/methodology/approach Instrumental variable (IV) approach has been used in this paper. The author proposed an alternative instrument for parental education to identify the rate of transmission, which is the parents’ cohorts’ mean schooling in their respective provinces. Findings This paper found that the rate of transmission of human capital from father is higher than that from mother in Thailand. For both, the rate of transmission in Thailand is higher than that in the developed countries. In addition, it is found that children from lower income families are getting lesser education than those from higher income families in Thailand. Research limitations/implications This paper is used as an alternative instrument that could solve the endogeneity problem in the literature of intergenerational transmission of human capital. Practical implications The results of rate of transmission can help to make educational policies in countries like Thailand. It also could help the policymakers to evaluate and redesign the student loan scheme (SLS) in Thailand. Originality/value This study is used as an alternative instrument for parental education to identify the rate of transmission in an IV approach. This paper is the first to identify the intergenerational transmission rate in Thailand. In addition, it evaluates Thai SLS in an intergenerational framework.

scholarly journals CHILDREN’S HEALTH, HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, AND R&D-BASED ECONOMIC GROWTH

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annarita Baldanzi ◽  
Alberto Bucci ◽  
Klaus Prettner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Health Investments ◽  
Long Run

Abstract We analyze the effects of children’s health on human capital accumulation and on long-run economic growth. For this purpose, we design an R&D-based growth model in which the stock of human capital of the next generation is determined by parental education and health investments. We show that (i) there is a complementarity between education and health: if parents want to have better educated children, they also raise health investments and vice versa; (ii) parental health investments exert an unambiguously positive effect on long-run economic growth, (iii) faster population growth reduces long-run economic growth. These results are consistent with the empirical evidence for modern economies in the twentieth century.

Endogenous growth, human capital and the dynamic costs of recessions

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Roufagalas ◽  
Alexei G. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Endogenous Technology

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is twofold: to construct and analyze a novel endogenous growth model, in which unbounded growth is possible without the need to assume increasing returns to scale, and to use the model to estimate the long-run (or dynamic) costs of recessions.Design/methodology/approachIn the proposed model, endogenous technology and human capital accumulation serve as the “twin engines of growth.” Simulations are used to derive growth rates consistent with long-term experience of developed countries, to understand better the differences between balanced growth and unbounded growth and to provide an estimate of the dynamic costs of capacity utilization shocks that produce business cycle-like behavior.FindingsConservative calculations show that the costs of the capacity shocks can be large – about 1.5 percent of the present value of output over a 100-period horizon. The theoretical model also suggests that differences in the technology production and human capital accumulation functions, possibly due to differing institutions, may help explain diverse growth experiences.Originality/valueThe paper, for first time, combines two strands of the economic growth theory – endogenous technology and endogenous human capital production – into a single model. It uses the implications of the model to argue, through simulations, that the benefits of counter-cyclical policies are potentially large in the long run.

Caste and religious diversity on human capital outcome: evidence from India

Humanomics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-183
Author(s):  
Jhumur Sengupta ◽  
Debnarayan Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethnic Capital ◽  
Per Capita

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the impact of caste and religious diversity on human capital outcome and external effect of ethnic capital on human capital accumulation process based on social fragmentation of West Bengal state which is mainly shaped under caste and religious lines.Design/methodology/approachA field survey was undertaken in which 440 respondents belonging to 440 households were interviewed in four municipalities of West Bengal – one each for most homogeneous and most heterogeneous along caste dimension and the equal number along religious line. For a cross sectional study during a one‐year period between January‐December 2006, this study considers stratified random sampling method (a mixture of both purposive and random sampling). In addition to construction of caste and a religion based fractionalization indexes, this study considers regression analyses of ordinary least square method in order to explore the stated objectives.FindingsIt suggests that more heterogeneous localities have lower outcome of per capita education after controlling the effect of per capita income. Moreover, the external effect of ethnic capital in heterogeneous localities has also lower outcome of human capital accumulation process.Originality/valueThe lower human capital accumulation in the heterogeneous localities along caste and religious dimensions might play an adverse effect on economic growth, crime, markets, technological breakthroughs and the arts and science. So, institutional measures by government and non‐government sources are needed to improve the stock of human capital, particularly in the heterogeneous localities influencing the positive impact on higher socio‐economic outcome in those localities.

scholarly journals Endogenous categorization and group inequality

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-295
Author(s):  
Michel Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group Inequality

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of categorization endogeneity (CE), meant as the influence of endogenous elements (e.g. behavioral traits) in group categorization, in the persistence of group inequality. Design/methodology/approach – The author integrates economic and sociological elements in a dynamic model of human capital accumulation by phenotypically distinct individuals. Both kinds of elements are influenced by the degree of CE. Findings – Effect of CE in the incentive of members of dominated groups to accumulate human capital is twofold: it allows them to pass as belonging to the dominant group but, on the other hand, it reduces the social pay-off stemming from such behavior, as they may be “expelled” from the reference group by their peers. It is found that, under sufficiently low levels of discrimination, CE widens the range of values of the neighborhood effects parameter for which group inequality is stable. Originality/value – Despite the endogeneity of categorization has been explored in other studies, this is the first one which argues that this element may underpin, under certain conditions, group inequality regarding human capital accumulation. The results presented here sheds some light on real-world issues, as the nature of neighborhood effects, the role of segregation on the maintenance of racial inequality and public policies to combat group inequality.

Human Capital Accumulation and Resource Abundance

2011 ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
O. Vasilieva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Crowd Out

Does resource abundance positively affect human capital accumulation? Or, alternatively, does it «crowd out» the human capital leading to the deterioration of economic growth? The paper gives an overview of the relevant literature and discusses both theoretical and empirical results obtained regarding the connection between human capital accumulation and resource abundance. It shows that despite some theoretical predictions about the harmful effect of resource abundance on human capital accumulation, unambiguous evidence of such impact that would be robust with respect to the change of resource abundance parameter has not been obtained yet.

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