Domestic Resource Mobilization and Human Capital Development in Sub- Saharan Africa

This study investigates the nexus between domestic resource mobilization using aggregated and disaggregated taxes, and human capital accumulation as measured by the index of human capital and total factor productivity. The study explores panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag. We further explore the linear and nonlinear effects of taxes on human capital accumulation. The results from the scatterplots show that taxes at aggregate and disaggregated levels positively correlated with the two measures of human capital. On the linear analysis, the impact of aggregated and disaggregated taxes is largely negative under the index of human capital but largely positive under the second measure in the short-run. However, the long-run results indicate that aggregate and disaggregated taxes significantly amplify human capital accumulation. On nonlinearity, there is no presence of human capital laffer curve (HCLC) in the short-run under the two measures of human capital. However, there is presence of HCLC in the long-run. The net effects results show that some taxes (such as indirect taxes, taxes on goods and services) are distortionary in improving the level of human capital development while some taxes (such as total tax, direct tax, taxes on income, profit, and gains) can distort human capital development in the SSA region.

The Effect of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict on the Palestinian labor Market and Human Capital Accumulation

This paper summarizes recent literature that discusses the economic costs of several conflict measures, e.g., “time and geographical variation in fatalities and other conflict incidents, days under curfews, checkpoints, movement restrictions, and Palestinian substitution labor by foreigner workers on the Palestinian labor market and human capital”. Earnings and unemployment are the main labor market indicators, while human capital was assessed by educational attainment. Also, this essay sheds light on the wage differential in the Palestinian labor market due to geographical and employment sector factors as a consequence of the ongoing conflict.

Influence of human capital on the trial and error learning process in a common pool resource (CPR) game

This paper presents a study regarding the behavior of Pacific-Colombian fishers in a Common Pool Resource game. Results show that decision-making depends on human capital accumulation and the learning process. Specifically, through trial and error, those players with more human capital adjust their decisions on the basis of a cooperative-collusive solution by following the feedback of their own most successful strategies in past rounds. Notably, fishers with the higher levels of formal schooling tend to harvest less because they have a better understanding of dilemma-type games and the higher benefits involved when they cooperate.

Inequality in the Initial Wage of College Graduates at the College-Level Perspective

College graduates, as a labor force with high human capital accumulation, have the problem of initial wage inequality, which is worth paying attention to. Based on the collated micro-survey data form “Employment and Entrepreneurship Development Report of Chinese College Graduates”, which contains 339 samples from vocational colleges, 453 from common colleges, and 360 from key colleges, this study empirically analyzed the inequality of college graduates’ initial wages at the college level. We found that the initial wage income level of college graduates is significantly influenced by the college level. The higher the level is, the higher the initial wage. The initial wage of graduates from key colleges is the highest, and the income inequality between them and vocational college graduates is the most significant. Moreover, there are structural differences in the wage premium effect of the college level on college graduates with a change in wage level. In addition, the study found that there is an obvious gender wage difference among college graduates, and political status, academic ranking, and student cadre experience as well as the nature of the workplace all contributed to the formation of wage premiums to a certain extent.

The Effect of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict on the Palestinian labor Market and Human Capital Accumulation

This paper summarizes recent literature that discusses the economic costs of several conflict measures, e.g., “time and geographical variation in fatalities and other conflict incidents, days under curfews, checkpoints, movement restrictions, and Palestinian substitution labor by foreigner workers on the Palestinian labor market and human capital”. Earnings and unemployment are the main labor market indicators, while human capital was assessed by educational attainment. Also, this essay sheds light on the wage differential in the Palestinian labor market due to geographical and employment sector factors as a consequence of the ongoing conflict.

The Estimation of the Potential Human Capital Accumulation Rate of China in the Future

From the perspective that the change in population age structure could affect human capital accumulation, this paper introduces a concept of “the potential growth speed in human capital stock” and discusses the future of China’s human capital growth from different aspects. This paper uses the perpetual inventory method and China’s sixth national population census data to predict the maximum potential space for China’s human capital stock growth in the future. Firstly, we use the average years of schooling of the working-age population as an index to measure the human capital stock. Though decomposing the differences in human capital stock, we introduce the concept of potential growth speed in human capital stock. Secondly, by decomposing accumulation rate of human capital stock in China, differences of human capital stock between China and South Korea, and differences of human capital stock between China and Japan, this paper finds that the age structure change will have a negative factor on China’s accumulation of human capital in the next 20 years. To conclude, China will probably accumulate human capital at a much faster rate until 2040, but the human capital growth potential is fully exploited on the condition of that.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of social transfers on human capital accumulation

The paper reports on an ex-ante evaluation of the long-term effect of the Ecuadorian social transfer programme called “Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH)” on human capital accumulation. A dynamic cohort microsimulation model is used to analyse for cost-effectiveness of different policy scenarios. Results show that cash transfers do promotehuman capital accumulation but with rather small effect. Transfers targeted at critical ages are the most cost-effective to promote human capital accumulation