Prisoner’s insomnia prevalence, insomnia associated factors and interventions with sleep as an outcome: a review and narrative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Griffiths ◽  
Farah Hina
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Purpose Insomnia is highly prevalent in prisoners. The purpose of this paper is a review of research evidence on interventions with sleep as an outcome (2000 to 2020) and rates of insomnia prevalence and associated factors in prisons (2015 to 2020). Design/methodology/approach An internet-based search used Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. Seven interventions and eight sleep prevalence or sleep-associated factor papers were identified. Findings Intervention research was very limited and the quality of the research design was generally poor. Interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), yoga and mindfulness can be beneficial in a prison setting. This review identified a high prevalence of insomnia in prisons across the world, which was supported by recent evidence. Factors associated with insomnia include anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, personality disorder and pain. Research limitations/implications There is a need for appropriately powered randomised control trials of CBT-I in prisons and a need to use objective measures of sleep quality. Originality/value Due to a lack of an up-to-date review, this paper fulfils the need for a review of the evidence on interventions in prison settings with sleep as an outcome, rates of insomnia prevalence and associated factors in prisons.

scholarly journals The effect of flexible cognitive–behavioural therapy and medical treatment, including antidepressants on post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in traumatised refugees: pragmatic randomised controlled clinical trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caecilie Böck Buhmann ◽  
Merete Nordentoft ◽  
Morten Ekstroem ◽  
Jessica Carlsson ◽  
Erik Lykke Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundLittle evidence exists on the treatment of traumatised refugees.AimsTo estimate treatment effects of flexible cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and antidepressants (sertraline and mianserin) in traumatised refugees.MethodRandomised controlled clinical trial with 2×2 factorial design (registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00917397, EUDRACT no. 2008-006714-15). Participants were refugees with war-related traumatic experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and without psychotic disorder. Treatment was weekly sessions with a physician and/or psychologist over 6 months.ResultsA total of 217 of 280 patients completed treatment (78%). There was no effect on PTSD symptoms, no effect of psychotherapy and no interaction between psychotherapy and medicine. A small but significant effect of treatment with antidepressants was found on depression.ConclusionsIn a pragmatic clinical setting, there was no effect of flexible CBT and antidepressants on PTSD, and there was a small-to-moderate effect of antidepressants and psychoeducation on depression in traumatised refugees.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Trauma-Focused CBT Training Programme for IAPT services

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Murray
Keyword(s):  
Training Programme ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Early Life Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Therapists in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services are often expected to treat complex presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as individuals with multiple, prolonged or early life trauma histories and significant co-morbidity, for which they have received minimal training. Although high recovery rates for PTSD have been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials, these are not always replicated in routine practice, suggesting that training interventions are required to fill the research–practice gap. Aims: This study investigated the outcomes of a therapist training programme on treating PTSD with trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT). Method: Twenty therapists from ten IAPT services participated in the training, which consisted of workshops, webinars and consultation sessions over a 6-month period. Results: Feedback indicated that participants found the training highly acceptable. PTSD knowledge and self- and supervisor-rated competence on TF-CBT measures improved following the training and improvements were maintained a year later. Client outcomes on a PTSD measure improved following the training. Participants reported attempts to disseminate learning from the course back to their teams. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the training programme was successful in improving TF-CBT knowledge, skills and outcomes for IAPT therapists. Tentative support for training ‘trauma experts’ within IAPT services was found, although institutional constraints and staff turnover may limit the sustainability of the model.

Psychotherapy and refugees

2021 ◽  
pp. 493-502
Author(s):  
Francesca Brady ◽  
Cornelius Katona ◽  
Eileen Walsh ◽  
Katy Robjant
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Model Of Care ◽  
Narrative Exposure Therapy ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Post Traumatic

This chapter explores effective psychotherapeutic interventions for treating post-traumatic stress disorder in adult vulnerable migrants, including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and narrative exposure therapy. An overview of the evidence for these treatments is discussed, as well as how these can be implemented effectively for vulnerable migrants who face ongoing instability and uncertainty, as well as multiple barriers to accessing appropriate treatment. The additional needs of vulnerable migrants are therefore also highlighted. The chapter proposes that to assist individuals effectively in recovering from their traumatic experiences, support must be offered to address these needs, alongside any psychological treatment. A service case example is presented to highlight how an integrated model of care can most effectively meet the needs of vulnerable migrants.

scholarly journals Verbal memory and treatment response in post-traumatic stress disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wild ◽  
Ruben C. Gur
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Post Traumatic

SummaryPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often associated with verbal memory deficits, which could influence treatment outcome. We assessed neuropsychological functioning in individuals with PTSD and their response to cognitive– behavioural therapy (CBT). Treatment non-responders had significantly poorer performance on measures of verbal memory compared with responders and demonstrated narrative encoding deficits. Differences were not explained by IQ, performance on tasks of attention, initial PTSD severity, depression, time since trauma, or alcohol/substance misuse. Verbal memory deficits seem to diminish the effectiveness of CBT and should be considered in its implementation.

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