Violence will severely undermine Mexican democracy

Headline MEXICO: Election violence will undermine democracy

Significance Whoever succeeds outgoing President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf will have to tackle widespread state corruption, cut recurrent government expenditure and boost infrastructure spending to spur economic growth. Impacts Post-election violence could spike if the opposition loses and accuses a partial electoral commission of manipulation. Low capital spending and poor infrastructure will remain a persistent deterrence to long-term private and foreign investment. International financial institutions will pressure the new government to cut public spending. Further delays to a proposed constitutional referendum are likely.


Significance Opposition leader Raila Odinga and supporters of his National Super Alliance (NASA) have long since lost faith in the capacity of the IEBC to deliver a free and fair election and have regularly alleged that the ruling party plans to steal the vote. Opposition supporters claim Msando was killed because he was determined to ensure that the technology designed to prevent electoral fraud worked -- his murder lends credibility to Odinga's narrative that the process is being undermined from within. With only a week until the election, attention is focused not on political platforms but on the potential for voter fraud or a contested result. Impacts Electoral controversies and the delegitimisation of the electoral commission increase the risk of post-election violence. Widespread ethnic clashes on the scale of 2007-08 are unlikely due to heavy deployments of state security forces. Political instability, even if limited, will deter tourism and investment, hurting short-term economic growth.


Headline GUINEA: Post-election violence could escalate


Headline CAR: Nation braces for more post-election violence


Subject Revision of Ethiopia's controversial anti-terrorism law. Significance The House of Peoples’ Representatives this month adopted a revised Proclamation to Provide for the Prevention and Suppression of Terrorism, which replaces the much-criticised 2009 Anti-Terrorism Proclamation. While the new law represents an improvement, several key features of the old law that were used to muzzle or deter legitimate criticism and opposition to government remain in place. Impacts The law could be used to designate rogue elements of the Oromo Liberation Front still fighting the government as a terrorist organisation. The threat of application could reduce incitement of pre- and post-election violence. The law may deter controversial political expression, particularly by supporters of ethno-nationalist groups.


Subject WhatsApp and African elections. Significance WhatsApp has become one of the main ways that election candidates seek to communicate with voters because it is encrypted, easy to use and cheap. However, there is growing evidence that WhatsApp is used more to ‘decampaign’ rivals -- in many cases by distributing ‘fake news’ to smear their reputation -- than to share information about an individual’s personal qualities and manifesto. In recent elections in Kenya and Nigeria, the platform was also used to spread false stories about election violence that were designed to undermine voter turnout in certain areas, exacerbating political and ethnic tensions. Impacts The growing use of WhatsApp will make it easier for opposition parties and candidates with fewer resources to be electorally competitive. By creating opportunities for tech savvy people to play an important role in election campaigns, social media facilitates youth engagement. WhatsApp’s influence will inspire growing conflict between governments and digital rights activists and opposition parties over regulation. Cross-party support is greatest for pushing electoral commissions and the police to enforce more aggressively existing regulations online.


Headline PHILIPPINES: Election violence may rise from tomorrow


Significance The poll was marred by pre- and post-election violence, resulting in scores of arrests (including some opposition leaders) and over 85 deaths. Ouattara has officially begun a process of reconciliation alongside attempts to restore public confidence in his administration. Impacts Ouattara will turn his attention to grooming a successor, most likely Prime Minister Hamed Bakayoko. Oversubscription of a recent Eurobond issuance underscores strong investor confidence in Ivory Coast’s economic future. Ouattara will continue efforts to attract increased foreign investment, alongside forthcoming major infrastructure projects and upgrades.


Significance The veteran opposition leader -- who has already unsuccessfully bid for the presidency four times -- is now seen as the face of the establishment, having formed an alliance with President Uhuru Kenyatta, who is standing down after two terms in office. Impacts Odinga’s camp is confident of victory but this is based as much on his new ‘incumbency advantages’ as on his ability to out-mobilise Ruto. Concerns over Ruto’s lead may encourage Odinga’s allies to use divisive strategies to tarnish his reputation, raising risks of violence. The absence of a strong Kikuyu candidate will ease Kikuyu-Kalenjin tensions and make it easier to manage potential election violence.


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