The use of probabilistic linguistic preference relations (PLPRs) in pairwise comparisons enhances the flexibility of quantitative decision making. To promote the application of probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) and PLPRs, this paper introduces the consistency and consensus measures and adjustment strategies to guarantee the rationality of preference information utilized in the group decision making process. First of all, a novel entropy-based similarity measure is developed with PLTSs. Hereafter an improved consistency measure is defined on the basis of the proposed similarity measure, and a convergent algorithm is constructed to deal with the consistency improving process. Furthermore, a similarity-based consensus measure is developed in a given PLPR, and the consensus reaching process is presented to deal with the unacceptable consensus degree. The proposed consistency improving and consensus reaching processes follow a principle of minimum information loss, called a local adjustment strategy. In particular, the presented methods not only overcome the deficiencies in existing studies but also enhance the interpretation and reduce the complexity of the group decision making process. Finally, the proposed consistency measure and improving process, as well as consensus measure and reaching process are verified through a numerical example for the medical plan selection issue. The result and in-depth comparison analysis validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
