A Country Benefits Related to Education Sector Using the Data for Input-Output Analysis

This study examines the direct and indirect linkages and leakages of private and public higher education in Malaysia using input-output analysis. This study found that real estate, printing, wholesale and retail business as well as utilities are the sectors most closely inter-connected with higher education. The results of forward and backward linkages also show weak inter-industry links of the higher education sector with the rest of the economy. The public higher education use a larger amount of imported inputs compared to private higher education implicating a higher leakage from public higher education sector. Higher education in Malaysia can therefore said to take on a social role rather than an economic one. The structural change of education sector indicates an increase in the contribution of primary inputs and a dramatic decline in the consumption of intermediate inputs in education sector over time. Keywords: Input-Output Analysis; Linkages; Leakages; Higher Education.

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Planning with Semi-input-output Method with Empirical Application to Nigeria. By Arie Kuyvenhoven. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Social Sciences Division. 1978. xi + 266 pp.

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v19i3pp.247-249 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 247-249

Author(s):

A. R. Kemal

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Final Demand ◽

The Other ◽

Production Structure ◽

Input Output ◽

Output Analysis ◽

Input Output Analysis ◽

Comparative Cost ◽

Planning Models

Input -output analysis is being widely used in developing countries for planning purposes. For a given level of final demand, input-output analysis allows us to project the required level of gross output to ensure consistency of plan. These projections are made on the assumption that the existing production structure is optimal and it implies that an increase in demand will be met through the expansion of domestic output even when it can be satisfied through an increase in imports. On the other hand, according to the semi-input-output method, we do not have to increase the output of international sectors in order to meet the increase in demand because the level and composition of these activities should be determined by comparative- cost considerations. These are the only national sectors in which output must increase in order to avoid shortage. The semi-input -output method has been such a useful and important contribution, yet, regrettably, its influence on the planning models had been rather limited.

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